Hyaluronic Acid and a Short Peptide Improve the Performance of a PCL Electrospun Fibrous Scaffold Designed for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

Human gut microbiota harbors numerous microbial species with molecular enzymatic potential that impact on the eubiosis/dysbiosis and health/disease balances. Microbiota species isolation and description of their specific molecular features remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we focused on the cultivation and selection of species able to tolerate or biodegrade the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), a xenobiotic extensively found in food plastic containers. Chemical xenobiotic addition methods for the directed isolation, culturing, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), phylogenomic identification, and specific gene-encoding searches have been applied to isolate microorganisms, assess their BPA metabolization potential, and describe encoded catabolic pathways. BPA-tolerant strains were isolated from 30% of infant fecal microbial culture libraries analyzed. Most isolated strains were phylogenetically related to the operational taxonomic group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spp. Importantly, WGS analysis of microbial representative strain, Bacillus sp. AM1 identified the four complete molecular pathways involved on BPA degradation indicating its versatility and high potential to degrade BPA. Pathways for Exopolysaccharide (EPS) and Polyhydroxyalkanates (PHA) biopolymer synthesis were also identified and phenotypically confirmed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). These microbial biopolymers could generally contribute to capture and/or deposit xenobiotics.

Editorial: Risk of Dietary Hazardous Substances and Impact on Human Microbiota: Possible Role in Several Dysbiosis Phenotypes

“…However, analytical determinations of EDC in biological samples failed to provide consistent results. Thus, a paradigm shift in EDC-related disorders should take into consideration new scientific evidence supporting the fact that EDC may influence human health by modifying the human microbiota, as well as compiling evidence on the existence of microorganism species in the gut that are able to biodegrade such obesogens or contaminants (Gálvez-Ontiveros et al, 2020;López-Moreno et al, 2021). In this sense, relevant studies also support the development of predictive toxicological models that account for the gut-microbiota-immune axis (Lamas et al, 2020).…”

Fibers by Electrospinning and Their Emerging Applications in Bone Tissue Engineering

“…[ [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Fiber blending Fiber with the properties of two separate polymers; enhancing both mechanical and bioactive properties.…”

“…With increasing rotational speed, the modulus and tensile stress of fibers in the direction of alignment increase. [11,13,22,27,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Gap electrospinning Producing highly aligned fibers; fabricating complex architecture by modulating electrode configuration. [40] Magnetic electrospinning Leading to a reduction in branching; maintaining alignment over time.…”

“…Aside from adding dECM, adding hyaluronic acid or phospholipids can also optimize the microenvironment of the scaffold. Rachmiel et al [22] combined electrospinning, molecular self-assembly, and molecular recognition motifs to develop a multi-component approach. They followed this approach to fabricate a composite scaffold composed of PCL and hyaluronic acid incorporated with a short selfassembling peptide.…”

Thixotropic Red Microalgae Sulfated Polysaccharide-Peptide Composite Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

“…However, their degradation may result in the release of toxic products [ 20 ]. Short aromatic peptides, particularly fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (FmocFF), have been recently proposed to reinforce natural polysaccharides to produce scaffolds for tissue culture, bone regeneration and sustained release of bioactive molecules [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Unlike conventional polymeric hydrogels based on a covalently cross-linked polymer network, short aromatic peptides can form self-supporting nanostructured supramolecular hydrogels through noncovalent interactions of the molecules in a self-assembly process [ 24 ].…”