Hyaluronic Acid in the Treatment and Prevention of Skin Diseases: Molecular Biological, Pharmaceutical and Clinical Aspects

Abstract

The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA), or hyaluronan, is a major component of the extracellular matrix of skin, joints, eye and many other tissues and organs. In spite of its simple structure, HA demonstrates remarkable rheological, viscoelastic and hygroscopic properties which are relevant for dermal tissue function. Biological activities in skin, however, are also due to its interaction with various binding proteins (hyaladherins). Due to an influence on signaling pathways, HA is involved in the wound-healing process and scarless fetal healing. Increased HA concentrations have been associated with inflammatory skin diseases. In clinical trials, topical application of HA improved wound healing; in particular, acute radioepithelitis, venous leg ulcers or diabetic foot lesions responded to HA treatment. Moreover, as a topical drug delivery system for diclofenac, an HA gel has recently been approved for the treatment of actinic keratoses. Finally, chemical modifications led to new HA derivates and biomaterials, which may be introduced into therapy in the future. Therefore, ongoing research offers new horizons for the therapeutic use of this glycosaminoglycan which has been regarded as an inert structural component until recently.

Evaluation of Antioxidant, Toxicological and wound healing Properties of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (Malvaceae) ethanolic leaves extract on different Experimental animal models

“…Therefore, in healing of chronic wounds elimination of ROS could be an important strategy and estimation of antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) etc., in granulation tissue becomes relevant as they help destroy free radicals and hasten the process of wound healing. 65,66 In our study ELEHR treated groups showed potent in-vivo antioxidant activity by reducing free radicals stress and thus ELEHR could help to prevent oxidative damage and promote the healing process. In burn wounds, the repair process is more complicated as there is an extensive loss of cells and tissues compared to an incision wound.…”

Expression of Tolerance Associated Gene-1, a Mitochondrial Protein Inhibiting T Cell Activation, Can Be Used to Predict Response to Immune Modulating Therapies

“…HA is involved in the process of wound healing, keratinocyte proliferation (31,32), and angiogenesis (33). In a recently performed study, elevated RHAMM expression correlated with inflammation after bleomycin injury (33).…”

Synthesis and Bactericidal Properties of Hyaluronic Acid Doped with Metal Nanoparticles

“…Its osmotic capability restores tissue hydration during the inflammatory process, and its viscosity helps to prevent the passage of bacteria and viruses into the pericellular area (around the cell). It is a known stimulator of the inflammatory process because it acts as a barrier to tissue degradation and has antioxidant properties, including the ability to eliminate free radicals [32][33][34], which are tissue-damaging byproducts derived from the metabolism of oxygen that can cause inflammation and cancer [35].…”