Hyaluronic Acid Modified Au@SiO2@Au Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy of Genitourinary Tumors

Abstract

Bladder cancer and prostate cancer are the most common malignant tumors of the genitourinary system. Conventional strategies still face great challenges of high recurrence rate and severe trauma. Therefore, minimally invasive photothermal therapy (PTT) has been extensively explored to address these challenges. Herein, fluorescent Au nanoparticles (NPs) were first prepared using glutathione as template, which were then capped with SiO2 shell to improve the biocompatibility. Next, Au nanoclusters were deposited on the NPs surface to obtain Au@SiO2@Au NPs for photothermal conversion. The gaps between Au nanoparticles on their surface could enhance their photothermal conversion efficiency. Finally, hyaluronic acid (HA), which targets cancer cells overexpressing CD44 receptors, was attached on the NPs surface via 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) chemistry to improve the accumulation of NPs in tumor tissues. Photothermal experiments showed that NPs with an average size of 37.5 nm have a high photothermal conversion efficiency (47.6%) and excellent photostability, thus exhibiting potential application as a PTT agent. The temperature of the NPs (100 μg·mL−1) could rapidly increase to 38.5 °C within 200 s and reach the peak of 57.6 °C with the laser power density of 1.5 W·cm−2 and irradiation time of 600 s. In vivo and in vitro PTT experiments showed that the NPs have high biocompatibility and excellent targeted photothermal ablation capability of cancer cells. Both bladder and prostate tumors disappeared at 15 and 18 d post-treatment with HA-Au@SiO2@Au NPs, respectively, and did not recur. In summary, HA-Au@SiO2@Au NPs can be used a powerful PTT agent for minimally invasive treatment of genitourinary tumors.

Application of nanotechnology in bladder cancer diagnosis and therapeutic drug delivery

“…AuNPs@HA Good photothermal conversion efficiency to target BC cells 125 Easy aggregation affects drug release It is not easily metabolized in the body and has a long-term toxicity threat AgNPs Au-Ag@PDANPs Good photothermal conversion efficiency, low toxicity, can inhibit cancer cell proliferation 127 Poor stability It is not easily metabolized in the body and has a long-term toxicity threat bladder. PEG-Mal exhibited stronger adhesion and longer drug release time on porcine bladder mucosa by comparing with conventional liposomes and PEG-Mal (Fig.…”

“…And the peak value reached 57.6 1C, which had a good ability for targeted photothermal ablation of BC cells. 125 Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can enhance the level of oxidative stress in cancer cells, cause DNA and mitochondrial damage, and induce cancer cell death. 126 Zhao et al prepared polydopaminecoated Au-Ag nanoparticles (Au-Ag@PDANPs), which changed the expression of cell cycle related proteins cyclin A and p21, caused S phase arrest and inhibited the proliferation of human BC T24 cells under 808 nm laser irradiation.…”

“…And the peak value reached 57.6 °C, which had a good ability for targeted photothermal ablation of BC cells. 125…”

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) for Plasmonic Photothermal Ablation of Cancer: A Review

“…Hyaluronic acid (HA)-Au@SiO2@Au NPs were proposed for the treatment of bladder and prostate cancers in mice. The tumors in mice disappeared at 15 and 18 days without signs of recurrence, highlighting the excellent targeted photothermal ablation and high biocompatibility [ 103 ].…”

Functionalized ZnMnFe2O4–PEG–FA nanoenzymes integrating diagnosis and therapy for targeting hepatic carcinoma guided by multi-modality imaging

“…14 Among diverse photothermal agents (carbon-based nanomaterials, noble metal nanomaterials and conjugated polymers), metallic NPs have been extensively applied for PTT due to their benefits of large light absorption cross-sections, an excellent photothermal effect, easy modification and better photostability. 15 Several studies have developed metallic NPs (such as Au NPs, 16 Fe 3 O 4 NPs 17 and Cu NPs 18 ) for the photothermal ablation of tumour cells. However, current PTT approaches need to be improved in terms of therapeutic efficiency and the tissue-penetration depth of excitatory lasers.…”