Hybrid buses—What their batteries really need to do

Kellaway, Mike

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.02.063

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The three concepts can always be combined with an energy storage inside the vehicle. Hybrid and fuel cell buses have for example energy storages for the recovery of braking energy [3][4][5]. The energy storage in hybrid buses can also be used for a partial emission free operation [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Charging Battery Buses for the Electrification of Urban Public Transport—A Feasibility Study Focusing on Charging Infrastructure and Energy Storage Requirements

2015

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Abstract:The electrification of public transport bus networks can be carried out utilizing different technological solutions, like trolley, battery or fuel cell buses. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how and to what extent existing bus networks can be electrified with fast charging battery buses. The so called opportunity chargers use mainly the regular dwell time at the stops to charge their batteries. This results in a strong linkage between the vehicle scheduling and the infrastructure planning. The analysis is based on real-world data of the bus network in Muenster, a mid-sized city in Germany. The outcomes underline the necessity to focus on entire vehicle schedules instead on individual trips. The tradeoff between required battery capacity and charging power is explained in detail. Furthermore, the impact on the electricity grid is discussed based on the load profiles of a selected charging station and a combined load profile of the entire network.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Charging Battery Buses for the Electrification of Urban Public Transport—A Feasibility Study Focusing on Charging Infrastructure and Energy Storage Requirements

2015

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“…Although the study of Gao is done with the FC-battery hybrid power train composed of lead-acid batteries instead of other types of batteries with higher specific power (e.g., Li-ion or Ni-MH), the general conclusion is still valid because of the exceptional specific power of SCs. In [17], analyzing the requirements of batteries for city hybrid buses, it is remarked that, to get a really significant fuel consumption improvement, it is essential to be able to recover a good percentage of the available energy during regeneration, and to that end, devices with high power-recharge capability are required.…”

Section: B Ess: Batteries and Scsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of Fuel-Cell Hybrid Systems Oriented to Automotive Applications

Feroldi

Serra

Riera

2009

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Abstract-Hybridization with high specific energy-storage devices such as supercapacitors (SCs) has important advantages in fuel-cell (FC)-based systems. This paper presents an approach for the design and analysis of FC hybrid systems (FCHSs) oriented to automotive applications. The FCHS is considered to be the most attractive long-term option for propulsion of passenger cars. The design stage includes the determination of the electrical topology and the determination of the hybridization degree (HD) according to drivability conditions. With the selected design, the optimal hydrogen consumption for different driving cycles and the energy flows in the hybrid vehicle are analyzed. The entire study is performed with a detailed model of the FCHS in the Advanced Vehicle Simulator (ADVISOR): the determination of the HD according to drivability requirements, the analysis of the energy flows, and the computation of the optimal hydrogen consumption. The results show that hybridization allows a significant improvement in the hydrogen economy through the recovered energy from breaking. At the same time, the results suggest a conflict between a design according to drivability conditions and a design for the highest efficiency. The conclusion is that hybridization with SCs in FC-based vehicles is a meaningful procedure that enhances performance.

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“…For these reasons, HEVs are the best performers in terms of efficiency and fuel economy, although they are quite complex and expansive. Furthermore, the management of the battery pack gives still some concerns [1] also in terms of management costs and environmental issues at the end of their life-cycle. Among all possibilities, the HE architecture that best fits the needs of heavy duty trucks and buses is the series hybrid [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fuel Economy of Hybrid Buses: The Role of Ancillaries in Real Urban Driving

et al. 2014

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In the present context of the global economic crisis and environmental emergency, transport science is asked to find innovative solutions to turn traditional vehicles into fuel-saving and eco-friendly devices. In the last few years, hybrid vehicles have been shown to have potential benefits in this sense. In this paper, the fuel economy of series hybrid-electric and hybrid-mechanical buses is simulated in two real driving situations: cold and hot weather driving in the city of Taranto, in Southern Italy. The numerical analysis is carried out by an inverse dynamic approach, where the bus speed is given as a velocity pattern measured in the field tests performed on one of the city bus routes. The city of Taranto drive schedule is simulated in a typical tempered climate condition and with a hot temperature, when the air conditioning system must be switched on for passenger comfort. The fuel consumptions of hybrid-electric and hybrid-mechanical buses are compared to each other and with a traditional bus powered by a diesel engine. It is shown that the series hybrid-electric vehicle outperforms both the traditional and the mechanical hybrid vehicles in the cold weather driving simulation, reducing the fuel consumption by about 35% with respect to the traditional diesel bus. However, it is also shown that the performance of the hybrid-electric bus gets dramatically worse when the air-cooling system is continuously turned on. In this situation, the fuel consumption of the three different technologies for city buses under investigation is comparable.

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Hybrid buses—What their batteries really need to do

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Fast Charging Battery Buses for the Electrification of Urban Public Transport—A Feasibility Study Focusing on Charging Infrastructure and Energy Storage Requirements

Fast Charging Battery Buses for the Electrification of Urban Public Transport—A Feasibility Study Focusing on Charging Infrastructure and Energy Storage Requirements

Design and Analysis of Fuel-Cell Hybrid Systems Oriented to Automotive Applications

The Fuel Economy of Hybrid Buses: The Role of Ancillaries in Real Urban Driving

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