Hybrid cross‐linked hydrogels as a technology platform forinvitrorelease of cephradine

Abstract

Hydrogel-based drug delivery systems can leverage therapeutically favorable upshots of drug release and found clinical uses. Hydrogels offer temporal and spatial control over the release of different therapeutic agents. Because of their tailor made controllable degradability, physical properties, and ability to prevent the labile drugs from degradation, hydrogels provide platform on which diverse physicochemical interactions with entrapped drugs cause to control drug release. Herein, we report the fabrication of novel vinyltrimethoxy silane (VTMS) cross-linked chitosan/polyvinyl pyrrolidone hydrogels. Swelling in distilled water in conjunction with different buffer and electrolyte solutions was performed to assess the swellability of hydrogels.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were further conducted to investigate the possible interactions between components, thermal stability, and crystallinity of asprepared hybrid hydrogels, respectively. In vitro time-dependent biodegradability, antimicrobial study, and cytotoxicity were also carried out to evaluate their extensive biocompatibility and cytotoxic behavior. More interestingly, in vitro drug release study allowed for the controlled release of cephradine. Therefore, this facile strategy developed the novel biocompatible and biodegradable hybrid hydrogels, which could significantly expand the scope of these hydrogels in other biomedical applications like scaffolds, skin regeneration, tissue engineering, etc.

In vitrostudy of chitosan-based multi-responsive hydrogels as drug release vehicles: a preclinical study

“…The resulting network is responsible for the controlled release of lidocaine in PBS solution. 62 The remaining amount of drug could not be easily determined because the hydrogel lm was broken into tiny pieces. Butt et al developed a hydrogel using CS and determined its drug release behaviour in PBS, SGF and SIF solutions.…”

Supramolecular Structure of Temperature‐Dependent Polymeric Hydrogels Modulated by Drug Incorporation

“…In fact, the use of smart polymeric materials with accurate physico-chemical characterization is essential for the design of new pharmaceutical formulations during the early stages of the development, since it is possible to establish a relationship between the supramolecular structure responsible for the best performance as drug-delivery system and the main factors involved in this process (temperature and pH-induced drug release, additives like other polymers and drugs). [6][7][8][10][11] However, literature studies on these polymeric systems lack on structural characterization, particularly regarding scattering techniques, which could provide important information on the structural phase organization, essential to improve physicochemical stability and thus enhance therapeutic efficacy. [15][16][17] In this context, Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) is a powerful technique to understand the structural arragements in the gels after incorporation of drugs with different physicochemical features.…”

“…Also called as smart polymers, they have been extensively reported in the literature due to their self‐assembly capability in aqueous medium, leading to distinct phase‐behaviors in response to environmental conditions [1–5] . In general, pH‐sensitive systems have been frequently studied, specially chitosan‐based systems (vinyltrimethoxy silane cross‐linked chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone; 2‐aminobenzamide cross‐linked chitosan; carboxymethyl chitosan‐polyoxometalate) for drug‐delivery and tissue regeneration purposes [6–11] …”

“…Binary combinations of different types of PL highlight many possibilities regarding its supramolecular structure, increasing the potential for further biopharmaceutical applications. In fact, the use of smart polymeric materials with accurate physico‐chemical characterization is essential for the design of new pharmaceutical formulations during the early stages of the development, since it is possible to establish a relationship between the supramolecular structure responsible for the best performance as drug‐delivery system and the main factors involved in this process (temperature and pH‐induced drug release, additives like other polymers and drugs) [6–8,10–11] …”

“…[1][2][3][4][5] In general, pHsensitive systems have been frequently studied, specially chitosan-based systems (vinyltrimethoxy silane cross-linked chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone; 2-aminobenzamide cross-linked chitosan; carboxymethyl chitosan-polyoxometalate) for drugdelivery and tissue regeneration purposes. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Regarding to thermosensitive systems, one of the main classes of stimuli-responsive copolymers are poloxamers or Pluronics® (PL), smart materials highly responsive to temperature. Pluronics® (PL) are copolymers composed of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO) blocks linked as an AÀ BÀ A type structure.…”