Hybrid indoor positioning for smart homes using WiFi and Bluetooth low energy technologies

Abstract

In indoor positioning problems, GPS technology used in outdoor positioning needs to be improved due to the characteristic features of wireless signals. There currently needs to be a generally accepted standard method for indoor positioning. In this study, an ecosystem consisting of Beacon devices, Bluetooth intelligent devices, and Wi-Fi access points has been created to propose an effective indoor location determination method by using Wi-Fi and BLE technologies in a hybrid way. First, RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) data were collected using the fingerprint method. Then, Kalman Filter and Savitzky Golay Filter are used in a hybrid manner to reduce the noise on the obtained signal data and make it more stable. In the first part, using the collected data from Wi-Fi and Beacon devices, the Non-linear least squares method (NLLS), including Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), is used for indoor tracking. In the second part, a fingerprinting-based approach is tested. K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms estimate the area where the client is located. Each algorithm’s accuracy rate are calculated on different training and test data and presented.

Research Progress of Wireless Positioning Methods Based on RSSI

“…In addition, two or more types of equipment are mixed to make full use of the complementary advantages between various devices to achieve the purpose of improving positioning accuracy. Taking WIFI as an example, in [42], a location method combining WIFI and BLE was proposed. In [43], a multi-fusion positioning technique based on convolutional neural network by mixing WIFI with BLE and pedestrian trajectory projection is put forward.…”

Statistical Real-time Power Consumption Analysis of Wi-Fi and BLE Scan Operation: A Comparative Study

“…Wireless communication technologies, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and more specifically its low power version, Bluetooth low energy (BLE), have become ubiquitous in modern society, enabling short-range but reliable and secure communication between a vast array of devices [1,2]. In various Internet-of Thing (IoT)-based applications designed for patient monitoring [3,4], elderly care [5,6], environment monitoring [7,8], vehicular congestion monitoring [9] and other smart living appliances in urban areas [10] as well as localization in areas deprived of satellite signals [11,12,13,14], wireless connectivity using such technologies plays a pivotal role in facilitating data exchange and access to online resources. However, as the number of wirelessly connected devices continues to proliferate, the demand for efficient power management solutions to support their sustainable operation also increases.…”