“…Mathematical abilities in the form of critical and creative thinking skills are believed to improve learning outcomes and, at the same time, foster interest and hone students' thinking patterns in dealing with theoretical physics problems. Interest, motivation, and self-regulation in physics learning significantly affect learning outcomes (Sulman, 2012;Sulman et al, 2022;Sulman, Tanti, et al, 2021). In the process, the ability to think critically and creatively should become the essential foundation for students in describing physics equations and, in this case, the Fermi-Dirac equation.…”