Hybrid materials based on Pd nanoparticles on carbon nanostructures for environmentally benign C–C coupling chemistry

Abstract

The combination of different nanomaterials such as metallic nanoparticles and carbon nanostructures in a new hybrid material should give rise to interesting properties that combine the advantages of each of the nanocomponents. This review highlights the latest advances in the synthetic design of these hybrid materials where carbon nanostructures act as supports as well as stabilizing agents for very reactive metallic nanoparticles. The striking applications of Pd nanoparticles anchored on the surface of carbon nanostructures in C-C coupling chemistry are analyzed. Special emphasis is placed on the stability of these materials, which is linked to their recyclability. Numerous examples are given that involve the use of these catalysts in Heck, Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling reactions.

Polyol synthesis of α-NiS particles and its physico-chemical properties

“…Further, polyol method is preferred in the present work for the synthesis of hexagonal phase α-NiS, since it is a versatile technique due to its own advantages like easy and simple procedure without using any complicated equipment, size and shape controlled process that provides samples with high crystallinity. In addition, the used solvent acts as a dual role of reaction medium and surfactant, which controls the particle growth, agglomeration, and coalescence as well [29].…”

Diethylenetriamine-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to immobilization palladium as a novel recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction in aqueous media

“…Recently, the immobilization of Pd nanoparticles on solid supports has received considerable attention as a new generation of heterogeneous catalysts in various scientific fields and Suzuki reaction, because of their superior catalytic performance, good stability, ease of separation and satisfactory reusability in comparison to the traditional homogeneous Pd (OAc) 2 , PdCl 2 catalysts [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. However, the catalytic activity of Pd 2+ -CNTs decreased gradually when the catalyst was used repeatedly.…”

Electrodeposited palladium on MWCNTs as ‘semi-soluble heterogeneous’ catalyst for cross-coupling reactions

“…In order to overcome this limitation, various surface functionalizations are offered to control the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, depending on the application requirement. 9 One of the biggest challenge for the heterogeneous catalyst (also called 'semi-soluble' due to the presence of soluble Pd and insoluble carbon) is to maintain (or exceed) the solubility that should be comparable to the homogenous analog (Pd) or better. 9 In this work we will introduce soluble Pd nanoparticles into the carbon matrix in order to deliver a long-life and active system with an expanded catalytic interface.…”