Hybrid nanostructures for electrochemical potassium storage

To fulfill the rising demand for large-scale energy storage devices, potassium ion batteries (KIB) are forecasted to play a critical role in replacing lithium-ion batteries (LIB). Herein, we have synthesized hard carbon derived from tender coconut (THC) with thermally reduced GO sheets (trGO@THC) using a two-step precarbonization and pyrolysis method. The synthesized hard carbon possesses a low specific surface area of about 20 m2 g–1. The CR2032-type coin cells with the synthesized material as anode and 0.8 M KPF6 in EC:DEC (1:1 v/v) electrolyte, and K-metal as counter/reference electrode were assembled for further electrochemical characterizations. The addition of rGO sheets in the THC improved the initial reversible capacity, showing a value of 217.6 mAhg–1 compared to 166.2 mAhg–1 of pristine hard carbon coin cells at a current density of 200 mAg–1. The Coulombic efficiency improved to 76.5% from 69.6%. However, the composite electrode exhibited lower reversible capacity at higher current densities, indicating a poor rate capability. Furthermore, the composite electrode retained only 76.5% of the original capacity compared to 98.3% THC after 100 cycles. The FESEM images of cycled electrodes show the formation of dendrites caused by electrolyte degradation. This interplay of material characteristics leading to a change in electrochemical behavior can be helpful for the futuristic development of KIBs.

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Structural, optical, Raman characteristics of C-nanospheres incorporated Gd2O3:SeO2 nanoclusters for energy storage applications

Adimule,

Manhas,

Sharma

et al. 2023

Physics of Fluids

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In the present work, novel nanocrystals (NCs) of carbon nanospheres (Cx) (5%, 10%, and 15%) anchored on Gd3+:SeO2 (Cx:Gd3+@SeO2) were synthesized and characterized by XRD (x-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), SEM-energy dispersive x-ray, UV-visible, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and Raman analytical techniques. XRD analysis showed that the synthesized Cx:Gd3+@SeO2 NCs exhibit mixed tetragonal phase. Gd3+@SeO2 NCs transformed into irregular flake-like morphology with increasing percentage of Cx. Optical property studies showed the presence of Cx in Gd3+@SeO2 NCs matrix leads to tuning of bandgap (Eg). Incorporation of Cx leads to decrease in the bandgap from 3.64 to 3.58 eV. XPS investigation revealed chemical composition and valence state of Cx:Gd3+@SeO2 NCs. Carbon-based materials, especially, carbon nanospheres, have attracted much attention due to their good conductivity, low cost, high surface area, porosity, etc. Upon doping Cx, the conducting network of the Gd3+@SeO2 lattice is improvised, which forms hollow structures and facilitates penetration of the electrolyte. Raman studies confirmed the formation of Gd-O-Gd/Gd2O3, Se-O-Se/SeO2, and C-H (D and G) fringes. Supercapacitor properties of Cx:Gd3+@SeO2 NCs investigated in 3M KOH solution using three electrode system showed specific capacitance of 239.4 F/g at current density of 0.5 A/g with 89% capacitance retention over 3000 cycles. The synthesized nanocrystals can be used as potential candidates for optical devices and battery applications.

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Hybrid nanostructures for electrochemical potassium storage

Abstract: The wide availability and low cost of potassium resources have made electrochemical potassium storage as a promising energy storage solution for sustainable decarbonisation. Research activities have been rapidly increasing in...

Cited by 4 publications

References 115 publications

Heterostructured NiS2@SnS2 hollow spheres as superior high-rate and durable anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Heterostructured NiS2@SnS2 hollow spheres as superior high-rate and durable anodes for sodium-ion batteries

Effect of Addition of Thermally Annealed Graphene in Tender Coconut-Derived Hard Carbon for Potassium Ion Battery

Structural, optical, Raman characteristics of C-nanospheres incorporated Gd2O3:SeO2 nanoclusters for energy storage applications

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