Hybrid solid electrolyte-liquid electrolyte systems for (almost) solid-state batteries: Why, how, and where to?

Woolley, Henry Michael; Vargas‐Barbosa, Nella M.

doi:10.1039/d2ta02179j

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…Hybrid solid−liquid electrolytes (HSLEs), a kind of quasi-solid-state electrolytes by introducing liquid content into the solid-state electrolyte matrix, have been attracting considerable interest due to the good processability and compatibility with traditional fabrication processes while the safety is also improved compared to normal liquid electrolytes. 11 Generally, HSLEs could be divided into two categories: (1) HSLEs by adding a liquid/gel electrolyte into SSEs and (2) gel electrolytes by cross-linking liquid electrolytes (LEs) with polymers. Yoshima et al 54 proposed a thin HSLE composed of a Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) crosslinked gel polymer electrolyte, as shown in Figure 5a, which 5e.…”

Section: Hybrid Solid−liquid Electrolyte (Hsle)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the large-scale implementation of SSEs is hindered by issues, such as poor interfacial contact and low ionic conductivity. The hybrid solid–liquid electrolytes (HSLEs) combine the benefits of both solid and liquid electrolytes, enhancing the safety and stability of the electrolyte while maintaining a stable interfacial connection . In recent research, in situ solidification has emerged as a popular approach for fabricating solid-state batteries. , Its primary advantage lies in its compatibility with the existing liquid battery production process, facilitating efficient in situ solid–liquid conversion and ensuring excellent contact at the solid–solid interface within the battery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries with High Safety and Cycling Stability

Huang,

Cao,

Geng

et al. 2024

Acc. Mater. Res.

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Metrics & MoreArticle RecommendationsCONSPECTUS: With the rapid development of advanced energy storage equipment, particularly lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), there is a growing demand for enhanced battery energy density across various fields. Consequently, an increasing number of high-specificcapacity cathode and anode materials are being rapidly developed. Concurrently, challenges pertaining to insufficient battery safety and stability arising from liquid electrolytes (LEs) with flammability persistently emerge. LEs possess the advantages of exceptional ionic conductivity and can operate within a broader temperature range. After two decades of continuous development in commercial applications, it currently stands as the most widely employed electrolyte material in lithium-ion batteries. However, the existing LE primarily consists of a carbonate electrolyte with a low flash point, low boiling point, and flammable and volatile nature, thereby rendering fire and explosion risks inevitable. Compared with LEs, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) exhibit relatively good flame retardancy and possess the potential to inhibit lithium dendrite formation, and they are regarded as promising electrolyte materials. Nevertheless, numerous challenges of SSEs still need to be addressed at this stage. The inadequate solid−solid contact between the solid electrolyte and the electrode material, as well as the insufficient contact stability, significantly impact the cycling stability of solid-state batteries. Furthermore, unlike liquid electrolytes, the solid electrolyte lacks fluidity and cannot effectively penetrate the pores of porous electrodes, necessitating additional cathode design considerations. The incompatibility with existing liquid battery production processes and high cost further impede the advancement of solid-state batteries. In response to the challenges associated with solid-state batteries, recent research has introduced in situ solidification solutions. By transformation of the liquid into a solid electrolyte within the battery, this method facilitates excellent interfacial contact between the electrolyte and electrode material while ensuring compatibility with existing production equipment. Consequently, these advantages have propelled in situ solidification to become a prominent research methodology for solid-state batteries. Currently, electrolyte research is undergoing a transitional period from liquid to solid-state, accompanying the emergence of numerous hybrid solid−liquid electrolytes (HSLEs). HSLEs not only exhibit the high ionic conductivity characteristic of liquid electrolytes but also enhance battery safety and stability to a certain extent. HSLEs are found in various forms, including hybrid systems comprising inorganic solid electrolytes and LEs, as well as gel systems consisting of polymer electrolytes and LEs. Additionally, there are in situ solidification technologies that enable the gel electrolyte to be formed internally within the battery. This concept introduces the development status of electrol...

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Section: Hybrid Solid−liquid Electrolyte (Hsle)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries with High Safety and Cycling Stability

Huang,

Cao,

Geng

et al. 2024

Acc. Mater. Res.

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“…Even though a hybrid LE/SSE system has been explored as a means to improve the interfacial stability of SSBs, it remains relatively uninvestigated. [ 19 ] Since LE has higher ionic conductivity than SSE, the hybrid LE/SSE not only maintains high ionic conductivity but also provides a liquid–solid interface at both electrolyte and electrode interfaces (Figure 1b). Furthermore, in hybrid LE/SSE, LE decomposes first at low voltages, forming an in situ SEI layer that offers high ion conductivity and forms a protective barrier that prevents direct contact between SSE and the electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Liquid–Solid Composite Electrolytes for Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries: Advantages and Limitation

Lee,

Kim,

Song

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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All‐solid‐state batteries (SSBs) represent one of the most promising avenues for surpassing the energy density limitations of conventional lithium‐ion batteries. However, the unstable interfacial contact between the solid‐state electrolyte and the electrode poses a critical challenge for practical applications. To tackle this issue, a hybrid system incorporating both liquid electrolytes (LEs) and sulfide solid‐state electrolytes may serve as a viable alternative. In this hybrid system, the LE facilitates the in situ formation of a solid electrolyte interphase layer, thereby enhancing the physical interface contact. Consequently, the electrochemical lifetime of the hybrid all‐SSBs is significantly improved, as evidenced by the stable lithium plating behavior observed through analytical techniques such as in situ X‐ray imaging. Nonetheless, the hybrid system exhibits clear limitations, and several issues that need to be addressed for its practical implementation are identified. In conclusion, potential solutions that could be employed to overcome these challenges are proposed.

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“…The liquid fraction should probably be <5 wt% for almost-SSBs (Fig. 1c ) [ 6 ]. However, even all-SSBs exclusively containing solid components may still have a risk of thermal runaway [ 7 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thin separators (<60 μm) and thick cathodes (>4 mAh cm –2 ) are required to boost the energy density (>350 Wh kg –1 ) of almost-SSBs [ 6 ]. This not only needs advanced fabrication processes with optimized microstructures, but also requires solid/liquid electrolytes with good ionic conductivity to ensure fast ion transport.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-state batteries: from ‘all-solid’ to ‘almost-solid’

Huo

Janek

2023

National Science Review

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Hybrid solid electrolyte-liquid electrolyte systems for (almost) solid-state batteries: Why, how, and where to?

Abstract: All-solid-state batteries (SSBs) offer an alternative to current state of the art lithium-ion batteries, promising improved safety and higher energy densities due to the incorporation of non-flammable solid electrolytes and...

Cited by 26 publications

References 122 publications

Advanced Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries with High Safety and Cycling Stability

Advanced Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries with High Safety and Cycling Stability

Hybrid Liquid–Solid Composite Electrolytes for Sulfide‐Based Solid‐State Batteries: Advantages and Limitation

Solid-state batteries: from ‘all-solid’ to ‘almost-solid’

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