Hybridization Biosensors Relying on Electrical Properties of Nucleic Acids

Abstract

Electrochemical nucleic acids (NA) technologies allow development of sensitive and accurate, yet simple, inexpensive and robust analytical platforms, which can successfully compete with other approaches. In this Review, I critically overview the basic trends in construction of label‐free DNA hybridization genosensors exploiting variations in electrical properties of the electrode‐immobilized NA. It will be discussed how interfacial and electronic properties of NA can be modulated to allow efficient biosensor applications, including the choice of the redox probe and use of alternative linkers and immobilization strategies These results contribute to understanding of interfacial ET reactions in DNA and advanced design of fast, reliable and cost‐effective diagnostic devices.

J. Heyrovský's Oscillographic Polarography. Roots of Present Chronopotentiometric Analysis of Biomacromolecules

“…In agreement with the location of A and C, DPP of native dsDNA produce no peak III (Figure B), while in denatured ss form very large peak III is present. More details on NA electrochemistry can be found in recent reviews .…”

Electronic Detection of DNA Hybridization by Coupling Organic Field-Effect Transistor-Based Sensors and Hairpin-Shaped Probes

“…In the field of biosensing technologies, DNA probes, due to their flexible structure and composition coupled with their low cost and stability, exhibit interesting electrical and mechanical characteristics, which make them excellent biological elements for the construction of new and reliable electronic or electrochemical biosensors [ 4 ]. In DNA analysis, the design of the capture probe is undoubtedly one of the most important pre-analytical steps: various probes, differing in chemical composition and conformational arrangement, have been used to assemble these DNA-based biosensors [ 5 , 6 ]. Among all possible probe conformations, structured (hairpin) oligonucleotide probes have shown excellent results in different applications, especially in DNA biosensors based on an on/off mechanism in a label-based mode [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Voltammetric Sensor with Replaceable Polyaniline‐DNA Layer for Doxorubicin Determination

“…DNA sensors are portable analytical devices intended for detection of specific interactions with participation of oligonucleotides . Although most of such biosensors are used for the determination of complementary DNA sequences and oxidative DNA damage , there is a growing interest to detection of cytostatic antitumor drugs that are used for prevention of the DNA transcription in cancer cells . Many of the drugs mentioned intercalate double stranded DNA molecules and hence influence their geometry, volume, flexibility and biochemical functions .…”