Hydrated proton self-diffusion study in ion-exchange membranes by MRI and impedance spectroscopy

Gahlot, Swati; Gupta, Hariom; Kulshrestha, Vaibhav

doi:10.1007/s00289-017-1968-4

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The enhancement in IC was also recorded for all the three membranes by enhancing the temperature from 30 to 80 °C. The enhancement in IC with temperature may be due to the higher mobility of ions and proton and higher proton diffusion coefficient at higher temperatures. , The activation energy for the conduction of proton/ions reveals the minimum energy required for the proton/ion transport from a functional group to another and is, therefore, an important parameter of IEM. Temperature-dependent IC is used to determine the activation energy for proton/ion conduction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Interpenetrating Network-Type Cross-Linked Amphoteric Ion-Exchange Membrane Based on Styrene Sulfonate and Vinyl Benzyl Chloride for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

et al. 2018

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Clean energy is the main requirement for human life. Redox flow battery may be an alternative to fossil fuels. An ion-exchange membrane is the heart of the redox flow battery. In the present study, we synthesize semi-interpenetrating cross-linked copolymer amphoteric ion-exchange membranes (AIEMs) with a partially rigid backbone. The styrene sulfonate and vinyl benzyl chloride monomers are used as the cationic and anionic moieties into the AIEMs. Three different types of quaternizing agents are used to convert a primary amine into a quaternary amine group. Here, we avoid the use of the carcinogenic chemical CMME, commonly used for the synthesis of anion-exchange membranes. The prepared membranes exhibit good electrochemical and physicochemical properties with a high acidic stability. The membranes also show moderate water uptake and dimensional change. The ZWMO membrane shows better properties among the AIEMs, with an ionic conductivity of 3.12 × 10 –2 S cm –1 and 5.49 water molecules per functional group. The anion and cation-exchange capacities of the ZWMO membranes are calculated to be 1.11 and 0.62 mequiv/g. All AIEMs show good thermal and mechanical stabilities, calculated by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and universal testing machine analysis. The membranes show low vanadium ion permeability than the commercial membrane Nafion for their use in vanadium redox flow batteries. Further, the AIEMs are applied in redox flow batteries as separators and deliver good results with the charging and discharging phenomena, with 87% voltage efficiency and 91% current efficiency.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-Interpenetrating Network-Type Cross-Linked Amphoteric Ion-Exchange Membrane Based on Styrene Sulfonate and Vinyl Benzyl Chloride for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

et al. 2018

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“…It has been already proposed that proton transport in the proton-exchange membrane proceeds through the ionic cluster. 50,51 The enhancement in ionic mobility may be due to the presence of higher water content and more interconnected ionic cluster region. The results suggest that the incorporation of SPANI increases the size and the number of interconnected ionic cluster region, which enhance the proton conductivity.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It reveals an enhancement in the intramolecular interaction between 1 H spins and 1 H spins–lattice interaction with the addition of SPANI causing an increase in the water–proton ionic cluster size and their connectivity with the membrane channels/neighboring ionic cluster. It has been already proposed that proton transport in the proton-exchange membrane proceeds through the ionic cluster. , The enhancement in ionic mobility may be due to the presence of higher water content and more interconnected ionic cluster region. The results suggest that the incorporation of SPANI increases the size and the number of interconnected ionic cluster region, which enhance the proton conductivity …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Stable SPES/SPANI Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes by Enriched Ionic Nanochannels

et al. 2017

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Herein, we present the results of sulfonated polyaniline (SPANI) and sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) composite polymer electrolyte membranes. The membranes are established for high-temperature proton conductivity and methanol permeability to render their applicability. Composite membranes have been prepared by modifying the SPES matrix with different concentrations of SPANI (e.g., 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 wt %). Structural and thermomechanical characterizations have been performed using the transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analyzer techniques. Physicochemical and electrochemical properties have been evaluated by water uptake, ion-exchange capacity, dimensional stability, and proton conductivity. Methanol permeability experiment was carried out to analyze the compatibility of prepared membranes toward direct methanol fuel cell application and found the lowest methanol permeability for PAS-5. Also, the membranes reveal excellent thermal, mechanical, and physicochemical properties for their application toward high-temperature electromembrane processes.

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“…MRI is an effective tool for investigations in physical, chemical, life, and clinical sciences as it noninvasively maps the liquid water protons with high spatial resolution in three dimensions [122][123][124][125]. MRI technique has been vastly used to observe the dynamic process of hydrate formation and decomposition in hydrate-bearing sediments due to its [111]); (b) The original CT image of hydrate-bearing sediments with KI solution (modified from [107]); (c-f) The formation process of gas hydrate monitored by MRI, and (g,h) SEM images from gas hydrate in sediments (modified from [114,121]).…”

Section: Comparison Of Nmr T 2 Methods With Other Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Nmr T 2 Methods With Other Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Characterizing Gas Hydrate Formation in Sediments with NMR Transverse Relaxation Time

Liu

Zhan

et al. 2022

Water

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The formation process, structure, and distribution of gas hydrate in sediments have become focal points in exploring and exploiting natural gas hydrate. To better understand the dynamic behavior of gas hydrate formation in sediments, transverse relaxation time (T2) of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is widely used to quantitatively characterize the formation process of gas hydrate and the change in pore characteristics of sediments. NMR T2 has been considered as a rapid and non-destructive method to distinguish the phase states of water, gas, and gas hydrate, estimate the saturations of water and gas hydrate, and analyze the kinetics of gas hydrate formation in sediments. NMR T2 is also widely employed to specify the pore structure in sediments in terms of pore size distribution, porosity, and permeability. For the recognition of the advantages and shortage of NMR T2 method, comparisons with other methods as X-ray CT, cryo-SEM, etc., are made regarding the application characteristics including resolution, phase recognition, and scanning time. As a future perspective, combining NMR T2 with other techniques can more effectively characterize the dynamic behavior of gas hydrate formation and pore structure in sediments.

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Hydrated proton self-diffusion study in ion-exchange membranes by MRI and impedance spectroscopy

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Semi-Interpenetrating Network-Type Cross-Linked Amphoteric Ion-Exchange Membrane Based on Styrene Sulfonate and Vinyl Benzyl Chloride for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Semi-Interpenetrating Network-Type Cross-Linked Amphoteric Ion-Exchange Membrane Based on Styrene Sulfonate and Vinyl Benzyl Chloride for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Stable SPES/SPANI Composite Polymer Electrolyte Membranes by Enriched Ionic Nanochannels

Advances in Characterizing Gas Hydrate Formation in Sediments with NMR Transverse Relaxation Time

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