Hydraulic Characteristics of the Drainage Systems of Ancient Hellenic Theatres: Case Study of the Theatre of Dionysus and Its Implications

Kollyropoulos, K.; Antoniou, Georgios; Kalavrouziotis, Ioannis K.; Krasilnikoff, Jens A.; Koutsoyiannis, Demetris; Angelakιs, Andreas N.

doi:10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000906

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The disposal sites for the wastes conveyed by the sewer and drainage systems were located downhill in agricultural lands. In addition, sewage and mainly the rainwater from Acropolis was led through an extensive drainage and sewerage system, to the south-east side of the hill where it was possibly reused in the workshops (Kollyropoulos et al, 2015). As noted previously, the beneficial effects of using human waste for fertilizer had been known since the Bronze Age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Water Reuse: From Ancient to Modern Times and the Future

Angelakιs

Asano

Bahri³

et al. 2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

174

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From the beginning of the Bronze Age (ca. 3200-1100 BC), domestic wastewater (sewage) has been used for irrigation and aquaculture by a number of civilizations including those that developed in China and the Orient, Egypt, the Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and Crete. In historic times (ca. 1000 BC−330 AD), wastewater was disposed of or used for irrigation and fertilization purposes by the Greek and later Roman civilizations, especially in areas surrounding important cities (e.g., Athens and Rome). In more recent times, the practice of land application of wastewater for disposal and agricultural use was utilized first in European cities and later in USA. Today, water reclamation and reuse projects are being planned and implemented throughout the world. Recycled water is now used for almost any purpose including potable use. This paper provides a brief overview of the evolution of water reuse over the last 5,000 years, along with current practice and recommendations for the future. Understanding the practices and solutions of the past, provides a lens with which to view the present and future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Water Reuse: From Ancient to Modern Times and the Future

Angelakιs

Asano

Bahri³

et al. 2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

174

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“…9th-4th c. BCE) encompassed successful hydraulic endeavors, mastering drainage and irrigation techniques. Moreover, Mesoamerica, India, and China have extensive histories of drainage and examples of underground cisterns since prehistoric times and such evidence has been found elsewhere in Greece, e.g., in Mycenae, Athens, Tyrins, Zakros, and Tylissos [11][12][13][14]. Earlier engineering works are evident at Lake Kopais, Boeotia, where Late Mycenaeans from Orchomenos, Gla, or Thebes settlements drained the lake [6], as indicated by a GIS-based survey of archaeological datasets [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Novel Combined Approach of GIS and Electrical Tomography to Identify Marsh/Lake at Kastrouli Late Mycenaean Settlement (Desfina, Greece)

et al. 2022

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The Kastrouli Late Bronze settlement in Phocis province, central Greece, has been proved to have been an important center in the periphery of the Mycenaean palaces. It was reused at least partially and was cultivated until the 20th century. The presence of a flat area off the Kastrouli hill and the seasonal flooding nowadays led to the present investigation, questioning the formation of an ancient lake or marsh/swamp. A methodological approach was applied combining the digital elevation model (DEM) and GIS of the wider and confined area, examining slopes between 0 and 5 degrees (0 and 8.75%), with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) traverses of around 300 and 500 m, reaching a depth of 100 m. The ERT data were rapidly collected on profiles and provided a cross-sectional (2D) plot. It was found that, in the area, there is a basin with a length of 100 m and a depth of around 40–50 m. The sedimentation process over the millennia has filled the basin, with the upper 5–6 m surface layers of the area having a low resistivity. The presence of two natural sinkholes with apparent engineered hydraulic works is noted to conform to drainage and produce a habitable environment, protecting the cultivated land and avoiding a swamp associated with health issues.

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“…Many of these aqueducts, though thousands of years old, are still standing [2]. Although the crucial importance of water is well known, water supply has not been considered as particularly interesting [3][4][5]. The great bridges constitute an exception like the long arcades of Roman aqueducts, which continue to enrich the landscape of countryside and cities all around Europe (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rainfall data analysis for the archeological drawing of the Augustan aqueduct route

Paola

Giugni

Cornacchia³

et al. 2016

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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Was Cumae supplied by the collection of rainwater, widely practiced for long time in the Mediterranean area, or by a branch of the Augustan Aqueduct? The main goal of Aqua Augusta was to provide water to Puteoli (civilian) and Misenum (military) that were two of the main harbors of the Empire. However, the ruins of the branch that would have flowed through Cumae have not been excavated yet. The aqueduct structure has not been studied in detail due to the difficulty in inspecting and the missing arches. A rainfall data analysis was carried out to assess the flow and use of the water conveyed by the Aqua Augusta aqueduct to Cumae. Results indicated that rainwater was not sufficient to supply Cumae and the Aqua Augusta should have played a great role in delivering water to the city. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS

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Hydraulic Characteristics of the Drainage Systems of Ancient Hellenic Theatres: Case Study of the Theatre of Dionysus and Its Implications

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Water Reuse: From Ancient to Modern Times and the Future

Water Reuse: From Ancient to Modern Times and the Future

Novel Combined Approach of GIS and Electrical Tomography to Identify Marsh/Lake at Kastrouli Late Mycenaean Settlement (Desfina, Greece)

A rainfall data analysis for the archeological drawing of the Augustan aqueduct route

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