Hydraulic characterization of diesel engine single-hole injectors

Payri, Raúl; Cuisano, Julio; Arco, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.03.083

Cited by 57 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…C a ) which, according to Eq. (4), makes penetration lesser using n-dodecane than injecting diesel for Spray C. These behaviors of the flow coefficients in these same injectors are experimentally demonstrated in [30]. Finally, it is appreciable in Fig.…”

Section: R-parametermentioning

confidence: 52%

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Experimental study of the injection conditions influence over n-dodecane and diesel sprays with two ECN single-hole nozzles. Part I: Inert atmosphere

Gimeno

Martí-Aldaraví

Peraza

2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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a b s t r a c tIn this research, two Engine Combustion Network (ECN) mono-orifice nozzles, referred to as Spray C and Spray D respectively, were analyzed by performing visualization tests through Schlieren and Diffused Backlight Illumination (DBI) techniques under a wide range of ambient conditions in a non-reactive atmosphere. Spray C presents a straight nozzle designed with a sharp fillet in opposition to Spray D that has similar hydraulic properties, but with a convergent nozzle construction and a smoother corner. The experiments were carried out injecting two distinct fuels at different injection pressure ranges, from 50 MPa to 150 MPa with n-dodecane and to 200 MPa for diesel. The images were processed with Matlab home-built routines to calculate parameters as spray penetration, spreading angle, quasisteady liquid length, as well as the spray penetration derivative respect to the square root of time, presented in this document as R-parameter. The results showed a clear influence of nozzle geometry in all measured parameters, due mainly to the nature of Spray C to cavitation, which increase the spreading angle and consequently a reduction in vapor penetration. On the other hand, fuel properties also affected spray penetration due to its dependency on viscous forces expressed in terms of the Reynolds number and its volatility in case of liquid length. This last parameter was calculated employing two processing methodologies, finding a good general agreement between them.

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Section: R-parametermentioning

confidence: 52%

“…The nozzles employed in this experience, according to the ECN coding reference, were the #210003 (Spray C), which has an outlet diameter of 212 lm and the #209103 (Spray D), with a diameter of 192 lm. Those diameters were measured and reported in [30].…”

Section: Test Rig and Injection Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of the injection conditions influence over n-dodecane and diesel sprays with two ECN single-hole nozzles. Part I: Inert atmosphere

Gimeno

Martí-Aldaraví

Peraza

2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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“…The #210003 and the #209103 nozzles were used for Spray C and Spray D respectively, according with the ECN coding reference, whose geometrical and hydraulic properties have been previously characterized and may be found in [8,26]. The Spray C nozzle has a k-factor = 0 and nominal orifice diameter of 212 lm, besides a nozzle entrance with sharp corner; features that make it prone to cavitate due to the local pressure drop produced by the fillet.…”

Section: Test Rig and Injection Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The slopes corresponding to Spray D are notably more pronunciated than Spray C slopes, which means that Spray C is less sensitive to undergo changes in ignition delay with O 2 %, which was mentioned in Tip penetration and R-parameter section and is quite worthy to note. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is that for a cavitating nozzle as Spray C, the spray angle tends to be higher [22,26], enlarging the jet volume and increasing the entrainment of air into the jet. This enhancement in air-fuel mixing rate reasonably reduces the decreasing ratio of ID with the oxygen molar fraction, in a form that does not occur for Spray D. Also, the slopes for both sprays tend to be quite more coincident at 900 K, where nozzle geometry seems to have insignificant effect.…”

Section: Ignition Delaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of the injection conditions influence over n-dodecane and diesel sprays with two ECN single-hole nozzles. Part II: Reactive atmosphere

Payri

Salvador

Gimeno

et al. 2016

Energy Conversion and Management

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a b s t r a c tThe second part of this experimental analysis, presented in this paper, seeks to go deep on the characterization of the Spray C and Spray D nozzles from the Engine Combustion Network, investigating the penetration of fuel spray at reacting conditions alongside characteristic parameters of combustion such as ignition delay and lift-off length. Both ECN mono-orifice injectors have similar nozzle flow capacity but different conicity degrees and corner sharpness, being Spray C more susceptible to cavitate. Schlieren imaging technique was employed to quantitatively measure reactive penetration and ignition delay, while lift-off length was identified through OH ⁄ chemiluminescence. As in the inert part of this research, n-dodecane and commercial diesel were selected for the tests, thereby the effect of the fuel properties in the measured parameters was analyzed. Also, once again the concept of R-parameter, defined as the penetration derivative respect to the square root of time was calculated to delve into the penetration behavior. The experiments were performed in a constant pressure-flow facility able to reproduce engine-like thermodynamic conditions. Results revealed that R-parameter evolution can be divided in four stages: an inert zone, a 'bump', a 'valley' part and a quasi-steady one that overlaps the previous inert part. Those stages are highly governed by ambient temperature and oxygen concentration. Nozzle geometry and fuel properties demonstrated to have a noteworthy influence on all measured parameters.

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“…It is an axial single-hole Bosch 3-22 injector with an outlet diameter of 192 µm [18], a k-factor of 1.5 whose rounded nozzle entrance and a convergent shape is oriented to avoid the cavitation phenomenon. The geometrical features of the Spray D can be found on the ECN webpage [15] and it has been hydraulically characterized in previous studies [9], [19], [20].…”

Section: Injection Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray/wall interaction analysis on an ECN single-hole injector at diesel-like conditions through Schlieren visualization.

Payri

Peraza

Bazyn

2017

Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2017. 28th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems

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To continuously improve CFD models which simulate spray evolution, breakup and evaporation mechanisms, it is helpful to validate them with results obtained by experimental research. In the present study, a mono-orifice target nozzle from Engine Combustion Network, referred to as Spray D, was investigated at conditions of spray-wall interaction, which actually is a real situation in internal combustion engines that is not frequently analyzed by visualization. A Photron SA-X2 high-speed camera was employed to record the vapor phase development of the spray in an inert atmosphere using a Schlieren imaging single-pass setup. The experiments show that the spreading of the spray along the wall has a behavior fairly similar to penetration at free-jet situations, especially regarding to its susceptibility to the operating conditions and its proportionality to the square root of time once the spray reaches a steady regime interacting with the wall. Furthermore, the spray film thickness was measured at three distances from the spray-wall impact point during the injection event, thereby characterizing that parameter both spatially and temporally. The tests were carried out in a constant pressure-flow facility able to reproduce pressure and temperature conditions, similar to those seen into a diesel engine. In order to observe the behavior of the spray colliding with a wall within this test rig, a system capable to being fitted into it and to holding a fused quartz wall at different injector tip-wall distances and impingement angle configurations, was designed and employed. IntroductionAt present, the study of the spray-wall interactions into the field of transportation systems is increasingly relevant in a world aimed at reducing the displacement per cylinder of the internal combustion engines. This phenomenon plays a fundamental role in the mixing and evaporation of fuel , the impact of spray with a wall is a subject of difficult analysis both theoretically and experimentally due to the highly transient nature of the spray and the high spatio-temporal variability of the event. Because of this, its effects on the engine performance are not entirely known. On the one hand, the incidence and accumulation of fuel in the cylinder walls can lead to the formation of a fuel film that worsens combustion, promotes the emission of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons and involves energy losses given the increase of heat transfer [7]. On the other hand, the impact of the spray with a surface tends to improve the mixing of the fuel in the air due to both the impact and the subsequent expansion of the front of the jet. The complexity of the jet-wall impact phenomenon has to be added to the overall complexity of the injection-combustion processes, which, although they have been extensively studied in 'free jet' conditions [7]-[9] remain an active area of research.

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Hydraulic characterization of diesel engine single-hole injectors

Cited by 57 publications

References 26 publications

Experimental study of the injection conditions influence over n-dodecane and diesel sprays with two ECN single-hole nozzles. Part I: Inert atmosphere

Experimental study of the injection conditions influence over n-dodecane and diesel sprays with two ECN single-hole nozzles. Part I: Inert atmosphere

Experimental study of the injection conditions influence over n-dodecane and diesel sprays with two ECN single-hole nozzles. Part II: Reactive atmosphere

Spray/wall interaction analysis on an ECN single-hole injector at diesel-like conditions through Schlieren visualization.

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