Hydraulic Complexity Metrics for Evaluating In-Stream Brook Trout Habitat

Kozarek, J. L.; Hession, W. Cully; Dolloff, C. Andrew; Diplas, Panayiotis

doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000197

Cited by 34 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For instance, fish can use both the shelter provided by plants as protection from predation, and the high‐flow areas around patches as spawning and feeding grounds (Kozarek et al. , Marjoribanks et al. ); and suspension‐feeding invertebrates (e.g., blackfly larvae) can grow on the edge of submerged macrophyte patches, such as Ranunculus sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscapes of facilitation: how self‐organized patchiness of aquatic macrophytes promotes diversity in streams

Cornacchia

Koppel

Wal

et al. 2018

Ecology

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Spatial heterogeneity plays a crucial role in the coexistence of species. Despite recognition of the importance of self-organization in creating environmental heterogeneity in otherwise uniform landscapes, the effects of such self-organized pattern formation in promoting coexistence through facilitation are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of pattern formation on species interactions and community spatial structure in ecosystems with limited underlying environmental heterogeneity, using self-organized patchiness of the aquatic macrophyte Callitriche platycarpa in streams as a model system. Our theoretical model predicted that pattern formation in aquatic vegetation - due to feedback interactions between plant growth, water flow and sedimentation processes - could promote species coexistence, by creating heterogeneous flow conditions inside and around the plant patches. The spatial plant patterns predicted by our model agreed with field observations at the reach scale in naturally vegetated rivers, where we found a significant spatial aggregation of two macrophyte species around C. platycarpa. Field transplantation experiments showed that C. platycarpa had a positive effect on the growth of both beneficiary species, and the intensity of this facilitative effect was correlated with the heterogeneous hydrodynamic conditions created within and around C. platycarpa patches. Our results emphasize the importance of self-organized patchiness in promoting species coexistence by creating a landscape of facilitation, where new niches and facilitative effects arise in different locations. Understanding the interplay between competition and facilitation is therefore essential for successful management of biodiversity in many ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscapes of facilitation: how self‐organized patchiness of aquatic macrophytes promotes diversity in streams

Cornacchia

Koppel

Wal

et al. 2018

Ecology

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“…In downstream pools associated with each WWP structure, modelled water surface elevations differed by less than 1 cm from the measured elevations. The modelled velocity profiles in the three WWP validation simulations had error rates of less than 16%, which is within an acceptable error range based on the previous studies (Kozarek et al ., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Velocity gradients and kinetic energy gradients describe spatially varying flow that influences where a fish chooses to travel, feed, rest or conversely create conditions that fish choose to avoid; but again, the exact effects of different gradient scales on specific fish species is unknown (Crowder and Diplas, ). Much more research is necessary before clear correlations can be made between these variables and habitat quality (Kozarek et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Whitewater Park Hydraulics and Fish Habitat in Colorado

Kolden

Fox

Bledsoe

et al. 2015

River Research & Apps

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Whitewater parks (WWPs) are increasingly popular recreational amenities, but the effects of WWPs on fish habitat and passage are poorly understood. This study investigated the use of a two‐dimensional (2‐D) model as compared with a three‐dimensional (3‐D) hydrodynamic model (flow‐3D®) for assessing effects of WWPs on fish habitat. The primary aims of this study were to (1) examine the utility of 3‐D modelling versus 2‐D modelling in a hydraulically complex WWP and (2) compare modelled habitat quality for resident fishes with actual fish abundance and biomass generated from field sampling surveys. Two reaches of a wadeable river in Colorado were modelled: a natural reach and a reach containing a WWP. A 2‐D habitat suitability analysis for juvenile and adult brown trout, juvenile and adult rainbow trout, longnose dace and longnose sucker predicted the same or higher habitat quality in the WWPs than the natural pools for all four species and for all modelled flow rates; however, results from fish sampling found significantly higher fish biomass for all four species in natural pools compared with WWP pools. All hydraulic metrics (depth, depth‐averaged velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, 2‐D and 3‐D vorticity) had higher magnitudes in WWP pools than in natural pools. In the WWP pools, 3‐D model results described the spatial distribution of flow characteristics or the magnitude of variables better than 2‐D results. This supports the use of 3‐D modelling for complex flows found in WWPs, but improved understanding of linkages between fish habitat quality and 3‐D hydraulic descriptors is needed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…The water depths at Q 30d vary between 0·05 and 0·10 m and can reach as much as 0·3 m only in the pools beneath the steps. Water depth is one of the main characteristics for assessing the quality of the habitat for most organisms living in water, and thus, its flatness limits the ecological potential of the flow (Diez‐Hernandez, ; Pasternack et al ., ; Hauer et al ., ; Kozarek et al ., ). Small water depth diversity in the longitudinal profile is illustrated in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

An appraisal of the effectiveness of nature‐close torrent control methods – Jindrichovicky Brook case study

et al. 2013

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Discharge fluctuation and extreme bed load movement, i.e. erosion and sedimentation occurring on short upper reaches of the river, are characteristic features of torrential rivers. This paper presents a biotechnical appraisal of a torrent catchment for implementing revetments methods, focusing on selected hydraulic characteristics of the flow. The Infiltration and Kinematic wave hydrological model (KINFIL) hydrological model (for design discharges) is used to verify these variables and also the Hydrologic Engineering Centre's River Analysis System and Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Two-Dimensional hydraulic models for channel flow. Data and computation for proposing nature-close remedial measures are demonstrated in a case study of the Jindrichovicky Brook, a mountain torrent located in the Ore Mountains (Czech Republic).Particular attention is given to appropriate adaptation of the river for the invertebrate community. The hydraulic analysis is carried out in two sections of the river (section A: 'nature-close', restored in 2008, and section B: 'old style', regulated in the 1970s). The aim is to compute the major hydraulic characteristics (depths, velocities, shear stress values etc.). Then, a hydrobiological investigation is carried out in both sections to find how much the invertebrate communities extended their diversity and abundance as a consequence of better geomorphological diversity after restoration. It was found that, from the hydraulic point of view, the old section B is sufficiently robust and stable. However, it is clearly evident that this section can hardly be populated by fauna and if so, then only very sparsely and impermanently. Section A meets both priorities, hydraulic stability and an acceptable living environment for the benthic community.

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Hydraulic Complexity Metrics for Evaluating In-Stream Brook Trout Habitat

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Landscapes of facilitation: how self‐organized patchiness of aquatic macrophytes promotes diversity in streams

Landscapes of facilitation: how self‐organized patchiness of aquatic macrophytes promotes diversity in streams

Modelling Whitewater Park Hydraulics and Fish Habitat in Colorado

An appraisal of the effectiveness of nature‐close torrent control methods – Jindrichovicky Brook case study

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