Hydraulic Issues Concerning Injection of Harvested Rainwater to the Subsurface Through Drywells: Insight From Numerical Simulations of Flow in a Realistic Combined Vadose Zone‐Groundwater Flow System

Russo, David; Kurtzman, Daniel; Nachshon, Uri

doi:10.1029/2021wr031881

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, more complex scenarios may require numerical models. For example, Russo et al (2022) conducted 3D stochastic simulations for drywell infiltration that incorporate spatial heterogeneity in the hydraulic properties. However, their simulations had a typical run time in the order of few days.…”

Section: 1029/2022wr033554mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their simulations had a typical run time in the order of few days. Such study could be justified for representing heterogeneous structures (Russo et al., 2022; Sasidharan et al., 2020), thereby obtaining and quantifying the subsurface heterogeneity. Clearly, this is not practical in most cases due to the challenges involved in the process of calibrating the hydraulic properties of the subsurface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of drywell guidelines are related to the risk for groundwater contamination (Izuka, 2011;Jurgens et al, 2008;Massmann, 2004). More recent publications, however, are oriented toward engineering design (D'Aniello et al, 2019;Henao Casas et al, 2021;Russo et al, 2022;Sasidharan et al, 2018Sasidharan et al, , 2019Sasidharan et al, , 2020Sasidharan et al, , 2021. One major design aspect is to ensure that the infiltration capacity of the drywell is sufficient for meeting the stormwater-recharge requirements, which has been the subject of a few previous studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There are two common approaches for modeling drywells: the steady-state approximate analytical solution (Massmann, 2004;Zangar, 1953), and numerical models for unsaturated flow (Bouwer, 2002;Izuka, 2011;Russo et al, 2022;Sasidharan et al, 2018Sasidharan et al, , 2019Sasidharan et al, , 2020Sasidharan et al, , 2021. Focusing on analytical models for drywell infiltration, although the solution of Zangar (Bouwer, 2002;Massmann, 2004;Zangar, 1953) is convenient for modeling, being a simple analytical expression, it suffers from highly simplifying assumptions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Wetting‐Front Model for Vadose Zone Infiltration via Drywells

Moreno

Paster²,

Kamai

2023

Water Resources Research

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Artificial recharge is the process of augmenting an aquifer by water via engineered systems (Bouwer, 2002;Dillon et al., 2019). In such systems, surface water are directed into the ground for infiltrating through the vadose zone toward the groundwater. Additionally, artificial recharge can aid in reduction of surface flows and ensuing risks related to stormwater and their overloading of water drainage systems. Such issues are becoming significant, especially in urban areas where vegetated land use is gradually being replaced by impervious surfaces such as roofs, pavements and roads. During precipitation events, these impervious surfaces may increase the amount of municipal rainwater drainage. Such an increase may cause the water drainage systems to reach their capacity limits (Cimorelli et al., 2016). Furthermore, these are enhanced to even more extreme situations in regions affected by intense stormwater flooding, under specific climates and the occurring changes in precipitation frequencies and extreme events that are intensifying. Specifically, one example is Mediterranean climate. Climate models indicate that extreme events of high precipitation are likely to increase in frequency, magnitude, and duration in the Mediterranean area due to climate change (Alpert et al., 2008). Hence, developed urban areas in these regions are more likely to encounter frequent flooding in the near future (Alphan, 2021;Benassi et al., 2020;Paliaga et al., 2020). In many cases, the cost of increasing the capacity of existing drainage systems is extremely high. Alternatively, artificial recharge may be a favorable solution.One common approach for artificial recharge is infiltration via drywells, which are wells that partially penetrate the vadose zone, and are sometimes referred to as recharge shafts, vadose zone wells, soakaways, and soakwells (Bouwer, 2002;Edwards et al., 2016). Practically, drywells are gravity-fed boreholes that are constructed in the unsaturated zone. In a typical setup, rainwater (e.g., from rooftop drainage systems) are discharged into the drywell through an inlet pipe. The discharged water begins to fill the drywell while percolating into its surrounding subsurface and toward the groundwater. In more advanced designs, an outlet pipe is installed at the top of the drywell, such that excess (overflow) water are directed to a subsequent drywell or a municipal drainage system. Compared to recharge basins and trenches for artificial recharge, drywells are significantly more efficient due to their smaller footprint area and relatively lower construction cost. Consequently, in dense urban areas where land is a major limit and municipal drainage systems are limited in their capacity to sustain such water loads, drywells are often preferred by practitioners over other solutions.

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Section: 1029/2022wr033554mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%