Hydroacid complexes: a new class of draw solutes to promote forward osmosis (FO) processes

Ge, Qingchun; Chung, Tai‐Shung

doi:10.1039/c3cc43951h

Cited by 74 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[31,32,73,80,81] Hydroacid complexes are usually synthesized via a one-pot reaction under mild conditions which avoids not only the high reaction temperature required in synthesizing MNPs, [71,75] but also the complicated synthesis procedures commonly confronted with other synthetic draw solutes. [82,83] Hydroacid complexes usually consist of one or more transition metal core(s) and hydroacid ligands, which can be designed freely according to the application purpose by varying either metals or ligands.…”

Section: Hydroacid Complexes As Draw Solutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[73,80] A high rejection of above 97% was acquired when a pressure-driven NF process was applied to the recycling of Na-Cr-OA. Although the energy consumption of NF is lower when compared with RO, it is still an energy-intensive process.…”

Section: Hydroacid Complexes As Draw Solutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28,40,69,70] To overcome these problems, synthetic draw solutes have been extensively investigated as draw solutes recently. [46,67,68] Ge and her coworkers [71][72][73] have conducted considerable studies on the design and synthesis of novel draw solutes. Some typically synthetic draw solutes will be specifically discussed as follows.…”

Section: Advances In Fo Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[82,83] Hydroacid complexes usually consist of one or more transition metal core(s) and hydroacid ligands, which can be designed freely according to the application purpose by varying either metals or ligands. Such compounds have usually a tetrahedral or octahedral structure in the metal center, and thus possess an expanded molecular structure and have good thermal stability which not only conduce to a minimal reverse solutes flux in FO but also enable them to be recycled via either NF [32,73,80] or MD [31,81,84] processes in the post-treatment. The hydroacid ligands in a hydroacid complex generally carry a large number of hydrophilic carboxylic groups which are the sources of osmotic pressure generation.…”

Section: Hydroacid Complexes As Draw Solutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[73] In their study, a series of hydroacid complexes which contain either a cupric or ferric core and hydroacid ligands of either CA, or malic acid (MA) or tartaric acid (TA) were synthesized. The proposed molecular structures of cupric and ferric complexes with hydroacid ligands are illustrated in Figure S6.…”

Section: Hydroacid Complexes As Draw Solutesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in Forward Osmosis Membrane Separation Process

Chen¹,

Xu²,

Ge³

2017

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Forward osmosis (FO) has been extensively investigated and demonstrated its advantages in a range of FO applications over the past decade. However, challenges still remain in terms of the lack of both efficient FO membranes and appropriate draw solutes for practical FO applications. To promote the advancement of FO technology, considerable efforts have been made in exploring novel FO membranes and draw solutes in recent years. This paper will provide a short review on the progress of both FO membranes and draw solutes. First of all, a brief overview on FO principle is given. Then the progress in FO technology related to FO membrane and draw solute is presented with specific examples. Finally, challenges and future directions of FO technology in exploring efficient FO membranes and promising draw solutes are also highlighted. This article may provide new insights into the future development of FO technology and promote practical FO applications.Keywords forward osmosis, draw solution, forward osmosis membrane, forward osmosis application IntroductionFreshwater shortage has been becoming a more and more severe problem globally. [1][2][3][4] To mitigate this problem, various technologies for clean water production have been explored worldwide recently. [5][6][7][8][9] Membrane technology has shown a great potential in water treatment in view of the advantages of no phase change, strong adaptability, relatively simple operation and low cost. [5,[10][11][12] A range of pressure-driven membrane processes, such as microfiltration (MF), [13][14][15][16] ultrafiltration (UF), [13,17,18] nanofiltration (NF), [19][20][21] and reverse osmosis (RO) [22][23][24][25][26] have been extensively used for clean water production through either wastewater reuse or brackish water/ seawater desalination. However, some issues, such as severe membrane fouling, low water recovery rate, intensive-energy consumption and relatively low quality of product water, occur frequently during these processes. [10,13,17,23,27] FO has been recognized as a promising membrane process because of the following characteristics: (1) no requirement of hydraulic pressure; (2) a relatively high water recovery rate; (3) low membrane fouling propensity due to the absence of hydraulic pressure; (4) environmental friendliness. Given these merits, FO technology has been applied to a wide range of fields, such as seawater/brackish water desalination, [4,24,28] wastewater treatment, [8,[29][30][31] and many other areas. [32][33][34][35][36] Although FO exhibits a great potential in alleviating the issues caused by freshwater shortage, challenges, such as relatively low water permeability, high reverse solute diffusion, severe concentration polarization (CP), and membrane fouling, are still present in FO applications. [37][38][39] To eliminate these problems, exploration of appropriate semi-permeable FO membrane and draw solute is urgently needed. Great efforts have been made in the development of FO technology in recent years, and a wide range of powerful FO membra...

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