Hydrocarbon Exposures at Petroleum Bulk Terminals and Agencies

Abstract

Occupational exposures to the 55 hydrocarbon components of gasoline and petroleum products were measured at the bulk terminals and agencies of six Ontario petroleum companies during the summer of 1986. A total of 82 long-term (full-shift) and 111 short-term personal samples were taken over 3 months. The data, expressed as concentrations in milligrams per cubic meter, were highly variable and appeared to fit the lognormal distribution well. Full-shift exposures of bulk terminal drivers, agency drivers, and plantmen to total hydrocarbons (THC), computed as an n-hexane equivalent, and other hydrocarbon components for which exposure limits exist can be expected to exceed their respective 1986-1987 threshold limit value-time-weighted average (TLV-TWA) no greater than 1% of the time on the basis of the lognormal model. The short-term THC exposures of agency truck drivers can be expected to exceed the 1986-1987 TLV-short-term exposure limits about 7% of the time while top-loading and more than 17% while off-loading. For benzene, the short-term exceedance percentages are 1% and 4% for top- and off-loading operations, respectively. For long-term benzene exposures, up to 69% of the assessments can be expected to exceed the 1990-1991 proposed TLV-TWA of 0.3 mg/m3 (0.1 ppm). The full-shift hydrocarbon exposures of agency drivers were significantly higher than those for bulk terminal drivers. At the bulk terminals, the short-term hydrocarbon exposures during top-loading were significantly higher than during bottom-loading.

Types of organic solvents used in small- to medium-scale industries in Japan; a nationwide field survey

“…This is a re¯ection of current regulations to ban the open use of benzene as a solvent. In practice, however, benzene remains present in petroleum products of lowboiling-point fraction, and exposure might take place in association with petroleum re®ning or the use of gasoline (Kawai et al 1990;Verma et al 1992;Ong et al 1996).…”

Light Catalytically Cracked Naphtha: Subchronic Toxicity of Vapors in Rats and Mice and Developmental Toxicity Screen in Rats

“…Gas samples were drawn from the chamber into a gas-tight syringe and injected directly into a Hewlett-Packard gas chromatograph (model 5880A with packed column, 10% SP 2100 on Supelcoport 100/120, 10 ft × 1/8 in, 40°C for 4 min, 20°C/min to 160°C for 11 Note. Individual compounds or classes of compounds are expressed as percent of total hydrocarbon concentration as calculated from the following publications: 1 (Coker et al, 1987), 2 (Verma et al, 1992), 3 (Halder et al, 1986a), 4 (McDermott & Killiany, 1978, 5 (Rappaport et al, 1987), 6 (Viau et al, 1987), 7 (Kearney & Dunham, 1986), and 8 (Cheng et al, 1990). Dashes indicate compounds less than 0.1% of total hydrocarbons; blanks indicate that no data were given.…”

How Protective Are Respirator Assigned Protection Factors: An Uncertainty Analysis

“…(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) For example, Buringh and Lanting reported on the variability of air monitoring data for 420 persons working in 25 industries in the Netherlands. (11) The mean GSD c was 2.7 with most less than 5.…”