Hydrocarbon Processing

Abstract

E-learning addresses the challenges process companies will face in the near future. It will change working and learning and dramatically improve equipment reliability throughout the process industries. Several technical, financial and cultural commitments are required to successfully implement e-learning."In times of change, it is learners who will inherit the organization. And those who refuse to learn will find themselves well-equipped for an organization that no longer exists." (Kenneth T. Derr, Chairman and CEO, Chevron) The process industries will migrate to daily Internet use to rapidly build the knowledge and expertise of personnel and to greatly expand communication of data and information. The Internet will provide companies the tools required to build true "learning organizations." While process companies are confronted with increasing economic and regulatory demands, the Internet offers incredible opportunities. To remain profitable, process companies must operate their facilities in a manner that is continuously reliable, safe and environmentally responsible. This requires experienced and knowledgeable personnel who have access to information and an organization that is receptive to and capable of change. Meanwhile, a generation of experienced workers is nearing retirement and younger workers are more difficult than ever to attract and retain. This loss of experience threatens to deplete companies of the skills required to compete and remain successful.

Zeolites in Adsorption Processes: State of the Art and Future Prospects

“…429,497 In most cases, this competitive adsorption is undesired, and it is also noteworthy that water not only will compete with CO 2 in the adsorption process but also may favor its chemisorption and the formation of bicarbonate-like species. 495,496,498,499 In the case of ETS-4 and related MolecularGate technology, 451,492 the efficiency of the process is based on molecular sieving. The right pore size of the adsorbent is selected by controlled thermal treatment.…”

“…Traditional A-, X-, and Y-type zeolites have been commercialized or patented for this separation, ,, as well as silicalite, mordenite, natural clinoptilolite, and titanosilicate ETS-4. ,− There are different ways that zeolitic adsorbents may be selective toward CO 2 . One is by exploiting differences in the interaction strength, i.e., the heat of adsorption, of the two adsorbates.…”

“…In the case of ETS-4 and related MolecularGate technology, , the efficiency of the process is based on molecular sieving. The right pore size of the adsorbent is selected by controlled thermal treatment.…”