Abstract:Water quality deterioration has threatened aquatic life around the world including Nepal, which has been a serious issue for environmental sustainability and economic development. This study evaluated and interpreted hydrochemical parameters of the Beeshazar and associated lakes in Central Himalaya, Nepal. The study revealed that the water in the lake was slightly alkaline as the average pH was 7.52. The correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) identified both geogenic and anthropogenic processes as … Show more
“…The KMO and Bartlett's results were obtained as 0.83 and 613.34 (df = 78, p < 0.00) during pre-lockdown and 0.74 and 235.61 (df = 78, p < 0.00) during post-lockdown, indicating that PCA would be useful in reducing the dimensionality of the dataset. PC factors were classified by their corresponding loading values as >0.75 and 0.50–0.75, which were considered strong and moderate, respectively ,( Pant et al, 2021 ). Fig.…”
“…The KMO and Bartlett's results were obtained as 0.83 and 613.34 (df = 78, p < 0.00) during pre-lockdown and 0.74 and 235.61 (df = 78, p < 0.00) during post-lockdown, indicating that PCA would be useful in reducing the dimensionality of the dataset. PC factors were classified by their corresponding loading values as >0.75 and 0.50–0.75, which were considered strong and moderate, respectively ,( Pant et al, 2021 ). Fig.…”
“…In addition, four blank samples of deionized water filtered through 0.45-μm poly tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) disk syringe filter, filled in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles, sealed with Parafilm were collected in the field and kept in the same environment with other water samples. The results of these field blank samples showed negligible contamination during the sampling, filtering, and storage processes, as the values of most hydrochemical variables were below the detection limit [ 19 – 21 ].. The average analytical precision for nutrients was better than 2%.…”
Excess agrochemicals input from agricultural activities and industrial effluent around Lake Ziway catchment can pose a serious threat on the lake ecosystem. Lake Ziway is a shallow freshwater lake found in the northern part of the Ethiopian Rift Valley. It is characterized as semi-arid to sub-humid type of climate. Expansions of the flower industry, widespread fisheries, intensive agricultural activities, fast population growth lead to deterioration of water quality and depletion of aquatic biota. The spatial and temporal variations of selected water quality parameters were evaluated using multivariate techniques. The data were collected from nine sampling stations during dry and wet seasonal basis for analysis of fifteen water quality parameters. The physicochemical parameters were measured in-situ with portable multimeter and nutrients were determined by following the standard procedures outlined in the American Public Health Association using UV/Visible spectrophotometer. Mean nutrient concentrations showed increasing trend in all seasons. These sites were also characterized by high electrical conductivity and total dissolved solid (TDS). All the nine sampling sites were categorized into three pollution levels according to their water quality features using cluster analysis (CA). Accordingly, sampling sites Fb and Ketar River (Kb) are highly and moderately polluted in both seasons, respectively. On the other hand, sampling sites at the center (C), Meki river mouth (Ma), Ketar river mouth (Ka), Meki River (Mb), Korekonch (Ko) and Fa in dry season and Ka, C, Ma, Ko, Bulbula river mouth (B) and Fa during wet season were less polluted. Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis also showed the pollutant sources were mainly from Fb during dry season Mb and Kb during wet season. The values of comprehensive pollution index illustrated the lake is moderately and slightly polluted in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Comparatively, the pollution status of the lake is high around floriculture effluent discharge site and at the two feeding rivers (Kb and Mb) due to increasing trends in agrochemical loads. In order to stop further deterioration of the lake water quality and to eventually restore the beneficial uses of the lake, management of agrochemicals in the lake catchments should be given urgent priority.
“…This lake falls into one of the associated lakes in Beeshazari lake complex. The lake complex is 15 km away from the Narayanghat Bazar and covers an area of about 32 Km 2 , including mosaic of diverse habitats; open water bodies, marshes, swamps, grassland and forest (Pant et al, 2020). Considering the ecological economic and aesthetic importance of the lake complex, it was included in the Ramsar list in 2003 one of the Ramsar site of Nepal in Chitwan district of Central Nepal.…”
Section: Study Areamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Beeshazari Lake and its associated lakes are the open water areas and represent one of the largest freshwater lake complexes in the low land region of Nepal (Pant et al, 2020). Literature regarding the algae of that region is very scanty.…”
Algae can be found in the sea, freshwater and wastewater all around the world. Although the majority is microscopic, some are large. In this study, a total of 44 samples, were collected in two seasons (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) in the years 2021-2022 from Kingfisher Lake, located in the Bharatpur, Chitwan District. A total of 51 algal species belonging to six classes were recorded. Information on the distribution of algal flora of Kingfisher Lake was collected and the data revealed that the dominant members belong to the classes Bacillariophyceae and Zygnematophyceae, each having 15 species; followed by Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae. Similarly, the physico-chemical parameters of water were measured by a digital portable multiparameter (HI98194) in the field. Water temperature was low during post-monsoon season. Electrical conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Oxidation Reduction Potential and Dissolved Oxygen were high in post-monsoon season while the pH of the lake water was alkaline and low pH in post-monsoon season. The number of algal species was found higher in pre-monsoon season than in post-monsoon season. The study showed that the lake is rich in algal species. Presence of the species like Closterium sp. and Oscillatoria sp. indicate that the lake is eutrophicated and polluted. Thus, further investigations were needed.
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