Hydrochemical effects of saltwater intrusion in a limestone and dolomitic limestone aquifer in Lebanon

Khadra, Wisam M.; Stuyfzand, Pieter J.; Breukelen, Boris M. van

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.02.005

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This testifies of the efficacy of the bank filtration process. Ba, Br and Sr are however mobilized due to desorption and/or dissolution from hosting minerals, and Ba shows the highest mobilization, in line with the results of Khadra, Stuyfzand, & van Breukelen (2017b).…”

Section: Water Quality and Hydrochemical Analysessupporting

confidence: 82%

Problems and promise of managed recharge in karstified aquifers: the example of Lebanon

Khadra

Stuyfzand

2019

Water International

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Problems and promise of managed recharge in karstified aquifers: the example of LebanonManaged aquifer recharge can store surface water as safe and reliable groundwater for later recovery. However, most options are problematic in karstic aquifers due to complex hydrodynamics reducing their effectiveness and hence general applicability. River bank filtration and urban stormwater infiltration systems are among the main managed recharge approaches to cope with this complexity. Experiences in Lebanon demonstrate the viability of these and other options in karstic domains.

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Section: Water Quality and Hydrochemical Analysessupporting

confidence: 82%

Problems and promise of managed recharge in karstified aquifers: the example of Lebanon

Khadra

Stuyfzand

2019

Water International

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“…In addition, the employment of geophysical methods coupled with numerical models to quantify the aquifer salinization extension has been explored only in few studies [152][153][154][155], and only one reported the socio-economic aspects of SWI in the modeling procedure [156]. Finally, two studies have employed complex reactive transport models to quantify biogeochemical reactions induced by SWI [157][158][159]. Besides the physically based density dependent numerical models that need a large number of field data to be calibrated, there has recently been a growing number of papers that have employed the surrogate models, such as non-linear regressive techniques, to describe the SWI phenomenon [160][161][162][163][164], or using simple spreadsheet macros to plot the hydrochemical facies evolution [165].…”

Section: Data Handling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Issue of Groundwater Salinization in Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean Region: A Review

Mastrocicco

Colombani

2021

Water

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The Mediterranean area is undergoing intensive demographic, social, cultural, economic, and environmental changes. This generates multiple environmental pressures such as increased demand for water resources, generation of pollution related to wastewater discharge, and land consumption. In the Mediterranean area, recent climate change studies forecast large impacts on the hydrologic cycle. Thus, in the next years, surface and ground-water resources will be gradually more stressed, especially in coastal areas. In this review paper, the historical and geographical distribution of peer-review studies and the main mechanisms that promote aquifer salinization in the Mediterranean area are critically discussed, providing the state of the art on topics such as actual saltwater wedge characterization, paleo-salinities in coastal areas, water-rock interactions, geophysical techniques aimed at delineating the areal and vertical extent of saltwater intrusion, management of groundwater overexploitation using numerical models and GIS mapping techniques for aquifer vulnerability to salinization. Each of the above-mentioned approaches has potential advantages and drawbacks; thus, the best tactic to tackle coastal aquifer management is to employ a combination of approaches. Finally, the number of studies focusing on predictions of climate change effects on coastal aquifers are growing but are still very limited and surely need further research.

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“…This aquifer is a strategic resource for the local communities and the Beirut metropolitan area (supplying around 40% of its water demand) [32]. The C4-C5 coastal basin has been facing saltwater intrusion since the 1960s [36,37]. The inland is a mountainous area, defined by alternating lithologies between sandstone (C1 formation), marls and locally limestone (C2a, C3 formation), and limestone (C2b formation).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inland is a mountainous area, defined by alternating lithologies between sandstone (C1 formation), marls and locally limestone (C2a, C3 formation), and limestone (C2b formation). The general groundwater direction is east to west, with quality deterioration westward due to saltwater intrusion [36]. As shown in Figure 1, the area is geologically located in the flank of a regional anticline, giving a general slope of the layers EW dipping [31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multisource Groundwater Contamination under Data Scarcity: The Case Study of Six Municipalities in the Proximity of the Naameh Landfill, Lebanon

Citton

Croonenberg

Shami

et al. 2020

Water

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Lebanon is affected by a protracted environmental and solid waste crisis that is threatening the water resources and the public health of its communities. This study is part of a public participatory research project that aims to evaluate the impacts of solid waste disposal practices on water, air, and health in six villages of Lebanon, stigmatized by the presence of a regional landfill. Community mapping enabled the selection and testing of seven springs and three wells in the upstream basin and 11 wells in the lower basin, covering a broad list of chemical, physical, and bacteriological parameters. Two water quality indices (WQ-1 and WQ-2) were used to assess water quality in the study area. The results for the upstream wells and springs showed a significant bacteriological contamination, while the results in the lower wells showed high levels of conductivity, chlorides, and zinc along with the occurrence of organic micropollutants in trace concentrations. The comparison between the experimental data, with the natural background value established in the same area, did not show major differences, except for zinc and bacteriological indicators. The bacteriological contamination is most likely related to sewage infiltration into groundwater at the time of the assessment. Zinc may result from landfill leachate infiltration but also well corrosion. Saltwater intrusion affecting the coastal basin is masking the results for conductivity, chlorides, and sulfates, whereas the presence of small traces of organic micropollutants in the coastal aquifer may be related to leachate infiltration. WQI-1 results, which included bacteriological indicators, showed highly degraded water quality in the C1-C3 inner basin. In contrast, WQI-2, which includes physio-chemical indicators only, showed good water quality, slightly deteriorating in the coastal area, downstream of the Naameh landfill.

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Hydrochemical effects of saltwater intrusion in a limestone and dolomitic limestone aquifer in Lebanon

Cited by 25 publications

References 54 publications

Problems and promise of managed recharge in karstified aquifers: the example of Lebanon

Problems and promise of managed recharge in karstified aquifers: the example of Lebanon

The Issue of Groundwater Salinization in Coastal Areas of the Mediterranean Region: A Review

Multisource Groundwater Contamination under Data Scarcity: The Case Study of Six Municipalities in the Proximity of the Naameh Landfill, Lebanon

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