Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil-vegetable oil mixtures for biofuels production

Bezergianni, Stella; Kalogianni, Aggeliki; Vasalos, I.A.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.01.018

Cited by 140 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In a similar study catalytic hydrocracking over sunflower oil and heavy vacuum gas oil mixtures was investigated [56]. The experiments were conducted in a continuous-flow hydroprocessing pilot-plant over a range of temperatures (350-390°) and pressures (70-140bar).…”

Section: Co-hydroprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Liquid Biomass for Biofuels Production

Bezergianni¹

2015

Advanced Biofuels

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Section: Co-hydroprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Liquid Biomass for Biofuels Production

Bezergianni¹

2015

Advanced Biofuels

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“…The heavy products can be hydrotreated to increase the yield to diesel [20]. The results from Bezergianni et al [21] are used to provide a model for the hydrocracking of the heavy oil. Figure 1 shows the superstructure embedding the different alternatives.…”

Section: Overall Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bottoms of the column are treated to obtain more diesel using hydrocracking, since it avoids the presence of aromatics in the diesel [20]. Based on the literature, we assume that only 7.5% of the hydrogen that is fed to the reactor, 600 ft 3 of hydrogen per bbl, remains with the products [50].To model the yield and the products of the hydrocracking reactor we use the experimental data for the conversion and selectivity as a function of the temperature from the paper presented by Bezergianni et al [21] to develop a reduced order model given by (17) …”

Section: 9-separation and Hydrotreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal use of hybrid feedstock, switchgrass and shale gas for the simultaneous production of hydrogen and liquid fuels

Martı́n

Grossmann

2013

Energy

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Abstract.In this paper, we present a superstructure optimization approach for the integration of the simultaneous production of liquid fuels and hydrogen from switchgrass and shale gas. The process is based on FischerTropsch technology in which the shale gas is reformed with steam, while the switchgrass is gasified and reformed (with steam or partial oxidation). The raw gas is cleaned up, including removal of the sour gases, and its composition is adjusted (using either water gas shift reaction or pressure swift adsoprtion) and the liquid fuels are obtained in an FT reactor. The heavy liquids are upgraded using hydrocracking to increase the yield towards FTdiesel. A sensitivity study on the raw material prices reveals that production costs for the biomass-shale gas facility are below $1/gal as long as biomass price is below $100/t and the price of the shale gas is not higher than $11.5 /MMBTU. Furthermore, hydrogen is produced as long as the demand for liquid fuels is met and there is enough shale gas available.

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“…As for the chemical stability aspects, fossil fuels containing methyl esters of fatty acids are less oxidation-resistant and more hygroscopic, so their long-term storage is not recommended. To process biomass in conventional oil refineries, vegetable oil and vacuum gas oil mixtures are preferred for quality diesel production [10,11] as hydrotreating the latter along with heavy gas oil results in normal alkanes of C15-C18 [12]. Moderate reaction temperatures yield diesel, while higher temperatures lead to gasoline production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Sulphide Corrosion of Carbon and Stainless Steel Alloys Immersed in Mixtures of Renewable Fuel Sources and Tested Under Co-processing Conditions

Gergely¹,

Locskai²,

Szabó³

et al. 2016

Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry

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HUNGARYIn accordance with modern regulations and directives, the use of renewable biomass materials as precursors for the production of fuels for transportation purposes is to be strictly followed. Even though, there are problems related to processing, storage and handling in wide range of subsequent uses, since there must be a limit to the ratio of biofuels mixed with mineral raw materials. As a key factor with regards to these biomass sources pose a great risk of causing multiple forms of corrosion both to metallic and non-metallic structural materials. To assess the degree of corrosion risk to a variety of engineering alloys like low-carbon and stainless steels widely used as structural metals, this work is dedicated to investigating corrosion rates of economically reasonable engineering steel alloys in mixtures of raw gas oil and renewable biomass fuel sources under typical coprocessing conditions. To model a desulphurising refining process, corrosion tests were carried out with raw mineral gasoline and its mixture with used cooking oil and animal waste lard in relative quantities of 10% (g/g). Co-processing was simulated by batch-reactor laboratory experiments. Experiments were performed at temperatures between 200 and 300ºC and a pressure in the gas phase of 90 bar containing 2% (m 3 /m 3 ) hydrogen sulphide. The time span of individual tests were varied between 1 and 21 days so that we can conclude about changes in the reaction rates against time exposure of and extrapolate for longer periods of exposure. Initial and integral corrosion rates were defined by a weight loss method on standard size of coupons of all sorts of steel alloys. Corrosion rates of carbon steels indicated a linear increase with temperature and little variation with composition of the biomass fuel sources. Apparent activation energies over the first 24-hour period remained moderate, varying between 35.5 and 50.3 kJ mol -1 . Scales developed on carbon steels at higher temperatures were less susceptible to spall and detach. Nonetheless, moderate deceleration of corrosion rates as a function of time are due to the less coherent, frequently spalling and low compactness, higher porosity of the scales evolved at lower and higher temperatures, respectively. On the surface of high alloy steels, sulphide scales of an enhanced barrier nature formed during the induction periods and the layer formation mechanism was found to be assisted by the increasing temperature as initial reaction rates considerably decreased over time. Nevertheless, corrosion-related sulphide conversion of metals and mass loss of the high alloys are strongly affected by the composition of the biomass fuel sources especially animal waste lard. Thermal activation in the first 24 hours decreased from 68.9 to 35.2 kJ mol -1 . A greater degree of failure to develop protective sulphide scales was experienced by changing to composition of the biomass fuel sources than the impact of thermal activation between a narrow temperature range at around 100ºC. In accordance with the litera...

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Hydrocracking of vacuum gas oil-vegetable oil mixtures for biofuels production

Cited by 140 publications

References 7 publications

Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Liquid Biomass for Biofuels Production

Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Liquid Biomass for Biofuels Production

Optimal use of hybrid feedstock, switchgrass and shale gas for the simultaneous production of hydrogen and liquid fuels

Hydrogen Sulphide Corrosion of Carbon and Stainless Steel Alloys Immersed in Mixtures of Renewable Fuel Sources and Tested Under Co-processing Conditions

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