Hydroformylation

Active and Regioselective Ru Single-Site Heterogeneous Catalysts for Alpha-Olefin Hydroformylation

“…A marked influence of the type of phosphine used on the rate and n -selectivity of the catalyst has been observed based on steric and electronic effects . This leads to the development of more complex phosphine ligand-modified cobalt , and rhodium ,− catalysts, the latter being superior to cobalt for short-chain olefins feedstocks. However, the intrinsic cost of rhodium and the degradation of the phosphine ligand must be considered for the overall economics and sustainability of the process .…”

“…Later, Wilkinson developed different phosphine-modified rhodium catalysts , that improved the chemoselectivity and regioselectivity of the reaction while operating at much lower pressures than the cobalt counterpart, improving the economy of the process. A marked influence of the type of phosphine used on the rate and n -selectivity of the catalyst has been observed based on steric and electronic effects . This leads to the development of more complex phosphine ligand-modified cobalt , and rhodium ,− catalysts, the latter being superior to cobalt for short-chain olefins feedstocks.…”

Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydroformylation under Mild Conditions in the Presence of Phosphine Oxides

“…Hydroformylation of olefins is the most important process in the chemical industry to produce aliphatic aldehydes (global annual manufacture of around 10 million tons) for a range of applications. − Although the original cobalt-catalyzed process was discovered and commercialized more than 80 years ago, , there is still intense research both in industry and academia on this topic, especially regarding the development of new catalysts.…”

Metal-Mediated and Metal-Catalyzed Reactions Under Mechanochemical Conditions

“…Over the years, researchers have developed an increasingly efficient number of transition-metal catalysts and specialized ligands able to improve chemo-, regio-, and enantioselectivities . Several papers in the literature have recently highlighted that supramolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding between substrate and ligand, could give rise to a noncovalent substrate preorganization around the active catalytic site . Cyclodextrins and bidentate ligands cooperate with each other via supramolecular interactions promoting the regioselective formation of linear aldehydes .…”