Hydrogen assisted cracking of AISI 4137M steel in O&G environments

Hydrogen embrittlement analysis in a CrMoV steel by means of sent specimens

“…The best technique to evaluate hydrogen embrittlement in structural steels and to obtain industrial solutions as a function of service conditions has yet to be established. Some authors use slow strain rate tension tests in different hydrogen environments [8][9][10], permeation tests [11][12][13], fracture toughness tests [14][15][16], fatigue crack propagation tests [17][18][19] or small punch tests [20][21][22]. According to previous research, the presence of a crack in the specimen [23,24] and the decrease in the displacement test rate are important variables that increase the embrittlement of steels.…”

Effects of Cathodic Polarization on the Corrosion Behavior of X60 Pipeline Steel in a Simulated Soil Solution

“…[19] Unfortunately, when very negative protection potentials are applied, steel structures suffer catastrophic failures due to the evolution of hydrogen initiated by cathodic overpotential inducing hydrogen embrittlement phenomena. [20] Furthermore, calcareous deposits can form by cathodically polarizing and can play an important anticorrosion role. [21] It is known that the application of a cathodic potential lower than the thermodynamic equilibrium potential of hydrogen results in the production of hydrogen at the metal interface.…”

“…[ 19 ] Unfortunately, when very negative protection potentials are applied, steel structures suffer catastrophic failures due to the evolution of hydrogen initiated by cathodic overpotential inducing hydrogen embrittlement phenomena. [ 20 ] Furthermore, calcareous deposits can form by cathodically polarizing and can play an important anticorrosion role. [ 21 ]…”

Hydrogen embrittlement of structural steels: Effect of the displacement rate on the fracture toughness of high-pressure hydrogen pre-charged samples

“…In the present study, fracture toughness tests in air at room temperature (RT) using specimens pre-charged with hydrogen in a high-pressure reactor were performed on two structural steels with different microstructures and strength levels. Hydrogen embrittlement was quantified in terms of fracture toughness, the effect of the applied test displacement rate was analysed, and their failure micromechanisms determined [25,26]. Finally, the results were justified on the basis of the steel microstructure, hydrogen diffusivity and hydrogen accumulation in the region located ahead of the specimen pre-crack.…”