Hydrogen content in titanium and a titanium–zirconium alloy after acid etching

Abstract

Dental implant alloys made from titanium and zirconium are known for their high mechanical strength, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance in comparison with commercially pure titanium. The aim of the study was to investigate possible differences in the surface chemistry and/or surface topography of titanium and titanium-zirconium surfaces after sand blasting and acid etching. The two surfaces were compared by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and profilometry. The 1.9 times greater surface hydrogen concentration of titanium zirconium compared to titanium was found to be the major difference between the two materials. Zirconium appeared to enhance hydride formation on titanium alloys when etched in acid. Surface topography revealed significant differences on the micro and nanoscale. Surface roughness was increased significantly (p<0.01) on the titanium-zirconium alloy. High-resolution images showed nanostructures only present on titanium zirconium.

Sandblasted and Acid-Etched Implant Surfaces With or Without High Surface Free Energy: Experimental and Clinical Background

“…On the modSLA surface of TiZr, additional amounts of aluminum and zirconium were detected, and besides TiO 2 molecules, also ZrO 2 molecules were found (Table 9.4 ) [ 107 ]. The presence of Al can be explained by Al 2 O 3 residuals due to the sandblasting process [ 103 ].…”

“…titanium, it has been found that titanium-zirconium alloys show superior biomechanical properties, identifi ed by increased hardness and tensile strength [ 108 ]. Since titanium, zirconium, as well as the TiZr alloy show the α-phase crystal structure at room temperature and pressure [ 106 ], the manufacturing procedure (sandblasting and acid-etching, rinsing under N 2 protection, storage in isotonic NaCl solution) for creating the modSLA surface on c.p titanium can be transferred to this particular TiZr alloy [ 107 ]. Thus, Results presented as mean ± SD, n = 5 for each surface 9 Sandblasted and Acid-Etched Implant Surfaces With or Without High Surface Free Energy one specifi c advantage of this TiZr alloy is its increased biomechanical strength compared to c.p.…”

“…9.3 ). When investigating surface roughness parameters by performing quantitative surface analysis using confocal white-light microscopy ( Table 9.3 , [ 109 ]) and blue light laser and interferometer [ 107 ], signifi cant differences have been observed for the number of samples measured. However, the c.p.…”

Electrochemical construction of a bio-inspired micro/nano-textured structure with cell-sized microhole arrays on biomedical titanium to enhance bioactivity

“…In addition to the spectra of the Ti substrate (a-phase titanium, JCPDS #44-1294), the peaks of titanium hydride (JCPDS #09-0371) can be seen in Fig. 4a and c, mainly due to hydrogen incorporation into the Ti substrate during the process of acid etching [45]. On the contrary, no crystalline peaks of TiO 2 were identified from the asprepared micro/nano-textured Ti surface (Fig.…”

Influence of Temperature and Acid Etching Time on the Superficial Characteristics of Ti

“…As the metal is left without its dense protective oxide layer, the small ions of hydrogen diffuse rapidly into the metal. The sub-surface is therefore enriched with hydrogen 25 , and when saturation in hydrogen is reached, titanium hydride is formed.…”