Hydrogen embrittlement of X2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 super duplex stainless steel welded joints under cathodic protection

Świerczyńska, Aleksandra; Fydrych, Dariusz; Landowski, Marcel; Rogalski, Grzegorz; Łabanowski, Jerzy

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117697

Cited by 49 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The first is a higher diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal than in air conditions, which is the result of the dissociation of water in the welding environment [32,33]. The problems of hydrogen embrittlement increase when the structure is in sea water [34]. The second disadvantage associated with welding underwater is the high susceptibility of steel to form brittle structures in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), which causes high values of residual stress [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Abrasive Wear Resistance of Coatings Manufactured on High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Offshore Steel in Wet Welding Conditions

2020

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Some marine and offshore structure elements exploited in the water cannot be brought to the surface of the water as this will generate high costs, and for this reason, they require in-situ repairs. One of the repair techniques used in underwater pad welding conditions is a wet welding method. This paper presents an investigation of the abrasive wear resistance of coatings made in wet welding conditions with the use of two grades of covered electrodes—an electrode for underwater welding and a commercial general use electrode. Both electrodes were also used for manufacturing coatings in the air, which has been also tested. The Vickers HV10 hardness measurements are performed to demonstrate the correlation in abrasive wear resistance and the hardness of each specimen. The microscopic testing was performed. For both filler materials, the coatings prepared in a water environment are characterized by higher resistance to metal–mineral abrasion than coatings prepared in an air environment—0.61 vs. 0.44 for commercial usage electrode and 0.67 vs. 0.60 for underwater welding. We also proved that in the water, the abrasive wear was greater for specimens welded by the general use electrode, which results in a higher hardness of the layer surface. In the air welding conditions, the layer welded by the electrode for use in the water was characterized by a lower hardness and higher resistance to metal–mineral abrasion. The microstructure of the prepared layers is different for both the environment and both electrodes, which results in abrasive wear resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Abrasive Wear Resistance of Coatings Manufactured on High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Offshore Steel in Wet Welding Conditions

2020

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“…A phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement is characteristic for low-carbon structural steel also in the air [28,29]. This type of embrittlement can occur even with the cathodic protection conditions [30]. In an air environment, the modeling of a hydrogen-inducted delayed intergranular fracture in high strength steels can be used [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater In Situ Local Heat Treatment by Additional Stitches for Improving the Weldability of Steel

Tomków

Janeczek

2020

Applied Sciences

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In this paper the influence of in situ local heat treatment performed by additional stitches on the weldability of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) S355J2C+N steel was tested. The investigated steel is characterized by high susceptibility to cold cracking. It is necessary to find a method to improve the quality of welded joints. The local heat treatment was applied as an effect of bead-on plate welding made on the face of a Tekken test joint. The specimens were made by the use of covered electrodes in the water environment. For testing weldability, Tekken test specimens were made. Then, the different number of the pad welds with different overlapping were laid on the face of the tested welds. Non-destructive (NDT) visual and penetrant tests were undertaken. During the NDT, imperfections like shape mistakes and spatters were found. Then, metallographic macro- and microscopic testing were performed. The macroscopic observations proved that water environment can generate imperfections like cracking and pores. However, for specimens with additional stitches the number of imperfections decreased. Microscopic tests proved that the proposed technique affected the structure of the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The specimens without the application of additional stitches are characterized by brittle bainitic and martensitic structure. Specimens, in which the additional stitches were applied, contain tempered martensite, fine ferrite and fine pearlite in their HAZ. It was also observed that the number of cracks decreased for in situ local heat-treatment specimens. The final step was Vickers HV10 hardness measurement. These measurements confirmed previous results. The heat from additional stitches affected the steel by significantly decreasing the hardness by 80–100 HV10. The results of experiments showed that the heat from pad welds provided microstructural changes in heat-affected zones and a decrease in the susceptibility to cold cracking, which results in improvement in the weldability of HSLA steel in wet welding conditions.

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“…This can result in a reduction in the performance of such a welded joint or even its complete destruction. The literature describes such cases in the form of, among others, hydrogen embrittlement, various types of corrosion phenomena, cold or hot cracking [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Especially just after welding, when there may be (due to incorrect storage of wires) a large diffusible hydrogen amount inside the joint, changes in properties can be very dangerous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of Bead-on-Plate Welds Made with the Use of Stored Flux-Cored Wires for Offshore Applications

Świerczyńska

Landowski

2020

Materials

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Extreme atmospheric conditions in the marine and offshore industry are harmful to engineering materials, especially to welded joints, and may cause degradation of their properties. This article presents the results of research on the plasticity of bead-on-plate welds made using two types of seamless, copper plated flux-cored wires. Before welding, spools with wire were stored for 1 month in two distinct locations with different geographical and industrial conditions in Poland, and then subjected to visual examination. Bead-on-plate welds were subjected to a static tensile test and on this basis plasticity indexes showing the effect of storage on plasticity were determined. The fractures after tensile tests and the surfaces of the wires were examined on an electron scanning microscope. Additionally, diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal measurements for each condition were carried out. The highest degradation level was found for wire stored in an agricultural building in north-eastern Poland—there was an almost fourfold decrease in the plasticity index value and the highest diffusible hydrogen content. For the same wire and the same location, the largest difference was also observed in fracture morphology after the tensile test—ductile fracture was obtained for wire at delivery condition while an almost full cleavage fracture was found after relatively short (1 month) storage of wire.

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Hydrogen embrittlement of X2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 super duplex stainless steel welded joints under cathodic protection

Cited by 49 publications

References 52 publications

The Abrasive Wear Resistance of Coatings Manufactured on High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Offshore Steel in Wet Welding Conditions

The Abrasive Wear Resistance of Coatings Manufactured on High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Offshore Steel in Wet Welding Conditions

Underwater In Situ Local Heat Treatment by Additional Stitches for Improving the Weldability of Steel

Plasticity of Bead-on-Plate Welds Made with the Use of Stored Flux-Cored Wires for Offshore Applications

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