Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in a Large‐Scale Reactor using a Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst under Natural Sunlight Irradiation

Abstract

In this study, we show the first hydrogen evolution performed in a large‐scale photoreactor under natural sunlight irradiation with a mesoporous carbon nitride photocatalyst immobilized on nine stainless steel plates by drop‐coating. Stable films were obtained producing approximately 18 L gaseous hydrogen within one month time on stream at an average hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) rate of 0.22 L kWh−1. The rate could be nicely predicted from preliminary lab‐scale experiments under well‐defined conditions. Furthermore, the hydrogen production correlates with the sunlight intensity. Based on the total energy input, a maximum solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) conversion of 0.12 % was obtained.

Ultrathin Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets with Ultrahigh Loading of Single Pt Atoms for Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic H2 Evolution

“…Such asynergistic action of Pt and Cu in the MOF nanosheets leads to ah igh hydrogen generation rate,w hich is similar to those reported in some MOF-based catalysts. [15] Moreover, our catalytic film shows an early linear increase of H 2 production gross during al ong-time hydrogen evolution testing (Figure 3d,e;S upporting Information, Video), demonstrating as table photocatalytic performance of this film. As shown in Figure 3b,noobvious decrease in the hydrogen-generation rate during the catalytic cycles was observed for both of the catalysts.R emarkably,9 3% of the initial activity of the PtSA-MNS photocatalyst retained after four reaction cycles with 5hours for each cycle.Furthermore, the TEM and XRD results confirm that the structure of PtSA-MNSs well retained after the catalytic cycles (Supporting Information, Figures S19 and S20).…”

A Solution‐Processable Polymer Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution from Water

“…Moreover, photocatalysts are typically kept in suspension by stirring to prevent sedimentation, which results in loss of photocatalytic activity. [26] The loss of activity of insoluble catalysts can be prevented with the use of support substrates, [27] however, using solution processability allows the use of simpler supports and easier development of photoelectrodes.…”

“…Moreover, photocatalysts are typically kept in suspension by stirring to prevent sedimentation, which results in loss of photocatalytic activity. [26] The loss of activity of insoluble catalysts can be prevented with the use of support substrates, [27] however, using solution processability allows the use of simpler supports and easier development of photoelectrodes.Soluble oligo(phenylene)s have been previously reported as photocatalysts, however, they displayed low activity, were only active under UV light, required a Ru cocatalyst and were only poorly soluble in organic solvents limiting processability. [28] More recently soluble metal-chelating polymers have been prepared although the photocatalytic activity of these polymers also appear to be very low with apparent quantum yields (AQY) below 3 × 10 −4 %.…”

Trends and challenges for microporous polymers

“…covalent attachment of a photosensitizer to a hydrogen evolving catalyst, just that this concept is now transferred to highly porous solids. 154 the investigation of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution on CMPs is still a highly promising field and further improvements are to be expected before long. A much bigger problem seems to be how to judge and compare the different reported activity values.…”