Hydrogen flame chemiluminescence detector for sulfate in aqueous solutions

Crider, Walter L.; Barkley, Naomi P.; Knott, Marta J.; Slater, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)95673-9

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Denuders were first introduced by Crider et al [41] in the late 1960s to determine sulfate in aqueous solution. In 1983 annular denuders were applied for accurate measurements of the gas-particle distribution of volatile compounds [42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Air-Dispersed Formaldehyde and Carbonyl Compounds as Vapors and Adsorbed on Particulate Matter by Denuder-Filter Sampling and Gas Chromatographic Analysis

Dugheri

Mucci

Cappelli

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Carbonyl compounds (CCs) are products present both as vapors and as condensed species adsorbed on the carbonaceous particle matter dispersed in the air of urban areas, due to vehicular traffic and human activities. Chronic exposure to CCs is a potential health risk given the toxicity of these chemicals. The present study reports on the measurement of the concentrations of 14 CCs in air as vapors and 2.5 µm fraction PM by the ENVINT GAS08/16 gas/aerosol sampler, a serial sampler that uses annular denuder, as sampling device. The 14 CCs were derivatized during sampling prior to gas-chromatographic separation and multiple detection by mass spectrometry, nitrogen-phosphorus thermionic, electron capture detection. Outdoor air multiple samples were collected in four locations in the urban area of Florence. The results evidenced that formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were the more abundant CCs in the studied areas. The data collected was discussed considering the particle to vapor ratio of each CC found. The CCs pollution picture obtained was tentatively related to the nature and intensity of the traffic transiting by the sampling sites. This approach allowed to determine 14 CCs in both concentrated and diluted samples and is proposed as a tool for investigating outdoor and indoor pollution.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Air-Dispersed Formaldehyde and Carbonyl Compounds as Vapors and Adsorbed on Particulate Matter by Denuder-Filter Sampling and Gas Chromatographic Analysis

Dugheri

Mucci

Cappelli

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Denuders were first introduced by Crider et al . 39 in the late 1960s to determine sulfate in aqueous solution and proven to be effective for accurate measurements of gas‐particle distribution of semi‐volatile organic compounds over the years 40, 41. Recent studies show its successful use to investigate gas‐particle partitioning behavior of formaldehyde 42, 43 and bicarbonyls 44 in ambient air.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of gaseous and particulate carbonyls in air by gradient‐elution micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

2008

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A new continuous-flow gradient-elution micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method is developed for the determination of airborne carbonyls after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. A total of 16 carbonyls can be determined with detection limits ranging from 0.94 to 8.50 mg/L, working range from 4.72 to 346 mg/L, and repeatabilities (relative standard deviation, n=5) from 1.23 to 4.6% or 3.93 to 7.6% for migration time and peak area, respectively. Coupling with denuder-filter sampling, a preliminary survey has been conducted to determine gaseous and particulate carbonyls from air sampled at a roadside station. The method is shown to have sufficient sensitivity for 1-h sampling of ambient carbonyls with detection limits ranging from 0.045 to 1.2 microg/m3 and working range from 0.11 to 43.3 microg/m3 at a flow rate of 10 Lpm. The method requires minimal modification of commercially available capillary electrophoresis equipment and can differentiate gaseous and particulate carbonyls to provide essential information and objective data for adopting effective measures to combat the discharge of carbonyl compounds to the atmosphere.

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“…18 Its application to ambient sulfate monitoring has been limited by three considerations-sensitivity, selectivity and specie-variable response. Ambient levels of sulfate may vary from 1-30 Mg/m However, the use of signal averaging techniques has already reduced the limit of detection (LOD) in research instruments to about 1 ppb, 19 and state of the art improvements in burner design, optics, and electronic processing indicate that an LOD of 0.25 ppb is feasible.…”

Section: Direct Flame Photometric Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 The FPD responds to all sulfur compounds, hence removal of gaseous sulfur compounds (principally SO 2 ) in air is required for FPD monitoring of aerosol sulfur levels. Several groups 18 ' 21 -22 have shown that laminar flow of air through a tube whose walls are an efficient sink for SO2 will reduce the SO2 concentration to much less than 10% of ambient levels without significant removal of aerosol sulfur compounds. Finally, it is clear that, since the response of the FPD varies depending on the chemical form of aerosol sulfate 18 ' 19 (and reduced sulfur forms potentially present), a calibration based on auxiliary speciation of the "sulfate" or thermal pretreatment of the aerosol may be necessary for accurate determinations.…”

Section: Direct Flame Photometric Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%