Hydrogen Generation from Photocatalytic Silver|Zinc Oxide Nanowires: Towards Multifunctional Multisegmented Nanowire Devices

Maijenburg, A. Wouter; Rodijk, E.J.B.; Maas, M.G.; Enculescu, Monica; Blank, Dave H.A.; Elshof, Johan E. ten

doi:10.1002/smll.201101198

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In a previous publication, an SEM image of a single nanowire containing six segments was introduced: Pt|Au|Pt|Ni|Ag|ZnO. Such a nanowire could be used for autonomous movement (Pt|Au|Pt), magnetic steering (Ni) and photocatalytic H 2 formation (Ag|ZnO) 53 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of the Ag|ZnO nanowires is demonstrated by converting a methanol/water mixture into H 2 and CO 2 gas upon irradiation with UV light employing a Pd-based sensor for H 2 detection. The emphasis of this protocol is on the preparation and photocatalytic characterization of two differently segmented metal oxide|metal nanowire modules, and a more in-depth treatment and an example of a multifunctional nanowire can be found elsewhere 53 . The water splitting reaction that was employed using the coaxial TiO 2 -Ag nanowires can also be found elsewhere 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and Use of Photocatalytically Active Segmented Ag|ZnO and Coaxial TiO<sub>2</sub>-Ag Nanowires Made by Templated Electrodeposition

Maijenburg

Rodijk

Maas

et al. 2014

JoVE

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Photocatalytically active nanostructures require a large specific surface area with the presence of many catalytically active sites for the oxidation and reduction half reactions, and fast electron (hole) diffusion and charge separation. Nanowires present suitable architectures to meet these requirements. Axially segmented Ag|ZnO and radially segmented (coaxial) TiO 2 -Ag nanowires with a diameter of 200 nm and a length of 6-20 µm were made by templated electrodeposition within the pores of polycarbonate track-etched (PCTE) or anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes, respectively. In the photocatalytic experiments, the ZnO and TiO 2 phases acted as photoanodes, and Ag as cathode. No external circuit is needed to connect both electrodes, which is a key advantage over conventional photo-electrochemical cells. For making segmented Ag| ZnO nanowires, the Ag salt electrolyte was replaced after formation of the Ag segment to form a ZnO segment attached to the Ag segment. For making coaxial TiO 2 -Ag nanowires, a TiO 2 gel was first formed by the electrochemically induced sol-gel method. Drying and thermal annealing of the as-formed TiO 2 gel resulted in the formation of crystalline TiO 2 nanotubes. A subsequent Ag electrodeposition step inside the TiO 2 nanotubes resulted in formation of coaxial TiO 2 -Ag nanowires. Due to the combination of an n-type semiconductor (ZnO or TiO 2 ) and a metal (Ag) within the same nanowire, a Schottky barrier was created at the interface between the phases. To demonstrate the photocatalytic activity of these nanowires, the Ag|ZnO nanowires were used in a photocatalytic experiment in which H 2 gas was detected upon UV illumination of the nanowires dispersed in a methanol/water mixture. After 17 min of illumination, approximately 0.2 vol% H 2 gas was detected from a suspension of ~0.1 g of Ag|ZnO nanowires in a 50 ml 80 vol% aqueous methanol solution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Use of Photocatalytically Active Segmented Ag|ZnO and Coaxial TiO<sub>2</sub>-Ag Nanowires Made by Templated Electrodeposition

Maijenburg

Rodijk

Maas

et al. 2014

JoVE

Self Cite

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“…9 Large aspect ratio semiconductor nanocrystals, often referred to as semiconductor nanorods, are of particular interest in solar energy harvesting because of their ability to form multiple electron-hole pairs (excitons) following photo-excitation. 10,11 Multiple exciton generation can potentially lead to higher photocatalytic efficiencies than for other morphologies.…”

Section: Semiconductor Nanorodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One-dimensional ('1D') colloidal semiconductors (nanorods, nanowires) have been subject of much recent interest. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] For the particular case of cadmium chalcogenide nanorods, seminal papers have addressed their general synthesis, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] nucleation and growth, 15 diameter and length control, 13,16 and morphology variants such as arrow-, teardrop-, and branched (tetra-and multi-pod)-shaped nanocrystals. 17,18 Significant attention has been paid to the microscopic mechanism of uncatalyzed anisotropic growth of cadmium chalcogenide nanorods made via hot injection methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular level control of nanoscale composition and morphology: Toward photocatalytic nanocomposites for solar-to-chemical energy conversion of biomass

Ruberu

2013

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Understanding the factors influencing nanocrystal formation is a challenge yet to be realized. In comparison to the large number of studies on nanocrystal synthesis and their applications, the number of studies on the effect of the precursor chemistry on nanocrystal composition and shape remains low. Although photochemical fabrication of metalsemiconductor nano-heterostructures is reported in literature, control over the free particle formation and the site of metal deposition have not been achieved. Moreover, utilization of metal-semiconductor nano-heterostructures in photocatalytic reactions other than water splitting is hardly explored. In this thesis, we studied the effect of chalcogenide precursor reactivity on the composition, morphology and the axial anisotropy of cadmiumchalcogenide nanocrystals. We also investigated the influence of the irradiation wavelength in synthesizing metal-semiconductor nano-heterostructures. Finally, we showed that metal semiconductor nano-heterostructures can be used as a photocatalyst for alcohol dehydrogenation reactions. We explored the pathways for the formation of Pt and Pd nanoparticles on CdS and CdS 0.4 Se 0.6 nanorods. This study revealed that the wavelength of irradiation is critical to control free-standing vs. bound metal (Pt and Pd) nanoparticles to semiconductor. Additionally, we observed that metal photodeposition occurs on specific segments of axially anisotropic, compositionally graded CdS 0.4 Se 0.6 nanorods due to the band-gap differential between their nano-domains. We used semiconductor-metal heterostructures for sunlightdriven dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of benzyl alcohol. Heterostructure composition dictates activity (turnovers) and product distribution. A few metal (Pt, Pd) islands on the vii semiconductor surface significantly enhance activity and selectivity and also greatly stabilize the semiconductor against photoinduced etching and degradation.

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“…8 So far, various techniques have been used for the fabrication of multisegmented heterogeneous 1D nanostructure arrays. [9][10][11][12] Among these techniques, hard nanoporous templates provide a straightforward scaffold for the fabrication of 1D nanostructure arrays of different materials. The interface between multiple components and the morphological parameters (length and diameter) can also be engineered via varying the deposition parameters, qualifying it as an appropriate method to fabricate complicated multisegmented heterojunction 1D nanostructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Schottky barrier height and enhanced photoelectron generation in novel plasmonic immobilized multisegmented (Au/TiO₂) nanorod arrays (NRAs) suitable for solar energy conversion applications

et al. 2017

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Hydrogen Generation from Photocatalytic Silver|Zinc Oxide Nanowires: Towards Multifunctional Multisegmented Nanowire Devices

Cited by 26 publications

References 46 publications

Preparation and Use of Photocatalytically Active Segmented Ag|ZnO and Coaxial TiO<sub>2</sub>-Ag Nanowires Made by Templated Electrodeposition

Preparation and Use of Photocatalytically Active Segmented Ag|ZnO and Coaxial TiO<sub>2</sub>-Ag Nanowires Made by Templated Electrodeposition

Molecular level control of nanoscale composition and morphology: Toward photocatalytic nanocomposites for solar-to-chemical energy conversion of biomass

Determination of Schottky barrier height and enhanced photoelectron generation in novel plasmonic immobilized multisegmented (Au/TiO₂) nanorod arrays (NRAs) suitable for solar energy conversion applications

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Hydrogen Generation from Photocatalytic Silver|Zinc Oxide Nanowires: Towards Multifunctional Multisegmented Nanowire Devices

Cited by 26 publications

References 46 publications

Preparation and Use of Photocatalytically Active Segmented Ag|ZnO and Coaxial TiO<sub>2</sub>-Ag Nanowires Made by Templated Electrodeposition

Preparation and Use of Photocatalytically Active Segmented Ag|ZnO and Coaxial TiO<sub>2</sub>-Ag Nanowires Made by Templated Electrodeposition

Molecular level control of nanoscale composition and morphology: Toward photocatalytic nanocomposites for solar-to-chemical energy conversion of biomass

Determination of Schottky barrier height and enhanced photoelectron generation in novel plasmonic immobilized multisegmented (Au/TiO2) nanorod arrays (NRAs) suitable for solar energy conversion applications

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Determination of Schottky barrier height and enhanced photoelectron generation in novel plasmonic immobilized multisegmented (Au/TiO₂) nanorod arrays (NRAs) suitable for solar energy conversion applications