Hydrogen jet vapor cloud explosion: A model for predicting blast size and application to risk assessment

Jallais, Simon; Vyazmina, Elena; Miller, Derek B.; Thomas, J.K.

doi:10.1002/prs.11965

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The high-pressure hydrogen horizontal tests described above, Daubech et al 15,16 Additional FLACS modeling of ambient temperature 2 in. subsonic methane horizontal releases (294 K methane and air temperature, F stability 1.9 m/s, Surface roughness 0.18 m) has also been performed to further test the validity of the ground effect approach for modeling the ground effect, across a range of velocities at 10 and 226 m/s (Mach 0.02 and 0.5), Figures 13 and 14.…”

Section: Jet Interaction With Groundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At further out locations, this would not have been true due to buoyancy and ground effects discussed later in this paper, where these test results are discussed in more detail. Figure 7 shows the comparison between the data, FLACS simulations16 and Ventjet modeling results. Ventjet with α 1 = 0.08 provides the best fit.…”

Section: Selection Of Entrainment Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Left frame corresponds to the description of the experimental facility of Daubech 15,16 : the upper picture shows the experimental rig (including the gas reservoir storage and the release point), whereas the lower picture shows a sketch of the same experimental rig. The right frame shows the comparison between the experimental data, FLACS, and Ventjet modeling results…”

Section: Selection Of Entrainment Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gone with the wind: Ventjet is a new engineering model for atmospheric dispersion

Miller

Vyazmina

Shen³

et al. 2021

Process Safety Progress

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Modeling atmospheric dispersion of flammable and toxic gases is very common in the industry. There is a large spectrum of different models, from Gaussian, Integral, up to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. However, these simple engineering models (Gaussian, Integral) do not always correctly estimate the dispersion of gases with a density higher than air. The purpose of this paper is to present an alternative/new model Ventjet dedicated to the atmospheric dispersion of various gases, including light gases (hydrogen, methane, etc.), neutral gases (nitrogen, oxygen), and heavy gases (CO2, LNG, etc.). Ventjet takes into account various weather condition profiles, namely neutral D and stable F. The effect of the ground is also integrated into Ventjet. Ventjet can be used for various releases, including vertical, angled, and even into the wind. Ventjet has been broadly validated versus multiple measurements from wind tunnel and field experiments, as well as CFD simulations.

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Section: Jet Interaction With Groundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Of Entrainment Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Of Entrainment Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gone with the wind: Ventjet is a new engineering model for atmospheric dispersion

Miller

Vyazmina

Shen³

et al. 2021

Process Safety Progress

Self Cite

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“…More in general, the authors of [37] examine the effect of the geometrical shape of the flammable cloud on the explosion, analyzing a constant volume of clouds with different height-width ratios and length-width ratios. Other works, as in [13], focus on the prediction of the VCE blast resulting from the leakage of a specific material.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic modeling and analysis of vapor cloud explosions domino effects in chemical plants

Sierra¹,

Montecchi

Mura

2019

J Braz Comput Soc

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Because of the substances they process and the conditions of operation, chemical plants are systems prone to the occurrence of undesirable and potentially dangerous events. Major accidents may occur when a triggering event produces a cascading accident that propagates to other units, a scenario known as domino effect. Assessing the probability of experiencing a domino effect and estimating the magnitude of its consequences is a complex task, as it depends on the nature of the substances being processed, the operating conditions, the failure proneness of equipment units, the execution of preventive maintenance activities, and of course the plant layout. In this work, we propose a stochastic modeling methodology to perform a probabilistic analysis of the likelihood of domino effects caused by propagating vapor cloud explosions. Our methodology combines mathematical models of the physical characteristics of the explosion, with stochastic state-based models representing the actual propagation among equipment units and the effect of maintenance activities. Altogether, the models allow predicting the likelihood of major events occurrence and the associated costs. A case study is analyzed, where various layouts of atmospheric gasoline tanks are assessed in terms of the predicted consequences of domino effects occurrence. The results of the analyses show that our approach can provide precious insights to support decision-making for safety and cost management.

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“…Recently, various risk assessment software programs have been used to determine the safety distance and risk of explosion through simulation analysis studies on hydrogen facilities [22,23]. For example, a study was conducted to determine the safety distance of a hydrogen refueling station facility by calculating the jet flame length using HyRAM [24], and a study was conducted to identify and establish hydrogen explosion locations using the FLACS-CFD software [25]. In addition, studies have been conducted to analyze the damage effect of jet flames using Phast and Safeti [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment Method Combining Independent Protection Layers (IPL) of Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) and RISKCURVES Software: Case Study of Hydrogen Refueling Stations in Urban Areas

et al. 2021

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The commercialization of eco-friendly hydrogen vehicles has elicited attempts to expand hydrogen refueling stations in urban areas; however, safety measures to reduce the risk of jet fires have not been established. The RISKCURVES software was used to evaluate the individual and societal risks of hydrogen refueling stations in urban areas, and the F–N (Frequency–Number of fatalities) curve was used to compare whether the safety measures satisfied international standards. From the results of the analysis, it was found that there is a risk of explosion in the expansion of hydrogen refueling stations in urban areas, and safety measures should be considered. To lower the risk of hydrogen refueling stations, this study applied the passive and active independent protection layers (IPLs) of LOPA (Layer of Protection Analysis) and confirmed that these measures significantly reduced societal risk as well as individual risk and met international standards. In particular, such measures could effectively reduce the impact of jet fire in dispensers and tube trailers that had a high risk. Measures employing both IPL types were efficient in meeting international standard criteria; however, passive IPLs were found to have a greater risk reduction effect than active IPLs. The combination of RISKCURVES and LOPA is an appropriate risk assessment method that can reduce work time and mitigate risks through protective measures compared to existing risk assessment methods. This method can be applied to risk assessment and risk mitigation not only for hydrogen facilities, but also for hazardous materials with high fire or explosion risk.

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Hydrogen jet vapor cloud explosion: A model for predicting blast size and application to risk assessment

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Gone with the wind: Ventjet is a new engineering model for atmospheric dispersion

Gone with the wind: Ventjet is a new engineering model for atmospheric dispersion

Stochastic modeling and analysis of vapor cloud explosions domino effects in chemical plants

Risk Assessment Method Combining Independent Protection Layers (IPL) of Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) and RISKCURVES Software: Case Study of Hydrogen Refueling Stations in Urban Areas

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