Hydrogen liquefaction and liquid hydrogen storage

Valenti, Gianluca

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-362-1.00002-x

Cited by 52 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Given its low boiling temperature, liquid hydrogen must be stored in cryogenic Dewars [5]. The enthalpy of vaporization of liquid hydrogen is 904 J/mol [27]. The vaporization process of hydrogen is spontaneous due to the heat transfer from the surrounding environment to the system.…”

Section: Hydrogen Storage Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Including Heat Balance When Designing the Energy System of Fuel Cell-Powered AUVs

et al. 2021

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Fuel cell-powered Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) represent a growing area of research as fuel cells can increase their endurance. Fuel cells consume hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity. Typically, the fuel cell generates as much heat as electrical energy, and heat management becomes a crucial parameter when designing AUVs. For underwater applications, there is a need to store both gases and several types of storage units with different characteristics exist which have impacts on the energy density and heat behavior. This study aims at including the heat properties of the storage units in the design process of fuel cell-powered AUVs. A heat balance over the energy system of an AUV is calculated for each combination of hydrogen and oxygen storage units. In addition, a multi-criteria decision-making analysis is conducted, considering the calculated total heat, the specific energy, the energy density and the volumetric mass of each combination of storage units as criteria, enabling a comparison and ranking them using two objective criteria weighting methods. Results show that the fuel cell is the major contributor to the heat balance, and that the combinations of liquid oxygen with liquid or compressed hydrogen can be relevant and suitable for underwater applications.

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Section: Hydrogen Storage Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Including Heat Balance When Designing the Energy System of Fuel Cell-Powered AUVs

et al. 2021

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“…Valenti [22] claims that, in view of the mobility based on hydrogen, the distribution and storage of liquid hydrogen, commonly designated as LH 2 , is one of the most feasible options from energy, technical, and economic viewpoints. Liquid H 2 is stored at 22 K and, most of the time, below 5 daN cm −2 , as a cryogenic liquid within reinforced vacuum flasks, with capacities that can reach 3200 m 3 , as is the case of a facility of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).…”

Section: Liquidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of an Innovative Way to Store Hydrogen in Vehicles

et al. 2019

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The use of hydrogen as an alternative to fossil fuels for vehicle propulsion is already a reality. However, due to its physical characteristics, storage is still a challenge. There is an innovative way, presented in this study, to store hydrogen in conventional vehicles propelled by spark-ignition reciprocating engines and fuel cells, using hydrogen as fuel; the storage of hydrogen will be at high pressure within small spheres randomly packed in a tank, like the conventional tank of fuel used nowadays in current vehicles. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study is to assess the performance of this storage system and compare it to others already applied by car manufacturers in their cars. In order to evaluate the performance of this storage system, some parameters were taken into account: The energy stored by volume and stored by weight, hydrogen leakage, and compliance with current standards. This system is safer than conventional storage systems since hydrogen is stored inside small spheres containing small amounts of hydrogen. Besides, its gravimetric energy density (GED) is threefold and the volumetric energy density (VED) is about half when compared with homologous values for conventional systems, and both exceed the targets set by the U.S. Department of Energy. Regarding the leakage of hydrogen, it complies with the European Standards, provided a suitable choice of materials and dimensions is made.

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“…One of the most important advantages of liquid hydrogen storage is that of achieving very high storage densities at low pressures (the density of saturated liquid hydrogen at 1 bar is 70 kg/m 3 ) (Godula et al, 2012). The main disadvantage of this method is the liquefaction process, which consumes a considerable amount of energy, due to the low point of liquefaction of hydrogen (-253 °C to 1 bar) and the fact that the hydrogen gas does not heat during the throttling processes (adiabatic) and isenthalpic expansion for temperatures below -73 °C, which requires a previous cooling in the liquefaction process, most of the times, by evaporation of liquid nitrogen (Valenti, 2015).…”

Section: Physical Storage As Liquidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Storage Development Using Hydrogen and Its Potential Application in Colombia

Montenegro¹,

Sanjuán²,

Carmona³

2019

IJEEP

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With the increase in the world population, the needs for energy generation have increased, the biggest contribution for this production comes from fossil fuels, which causes significant negative impacts on the environment and sustainability, such as global warming and stock-outs. In this way, it is essential to develop renewable energy alternatives that gradually replace conventional sources. However, these kinds of sources mostly dependent on environmental conditions, so they have the disadvantage of being intermittent and fluctuating. It is considered that hydrogen can be an attractive option for energy storage maximizing the benefit of renewable energy sources. In the last decades, different technologies have been developed to the use of hydrogen as backup and a renewable energy source. This study provides an inspection of the hydrogen technologies that range from the ways to produce hydrogen from renewable energy sources to their different storage alternatives. It is also presented an outlook of available energy policies and development background in different Latin American countries for power generation using renewable sources. Finally, the analysis focuses its attention in the Colombian potential for several sources (solar, wind, biomass) combined with the use of production and storage technologies for hydrogen as an energy carrier.

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Hydrogen liquefaction and liquid hydrogen storage

Cited by 52 publications

References 15 publications

Including Heat Balance When Designing the Energy System of Fuel Cell-Powered AUVs

Including Heat Balance When Designing the Energy System of Fuel Cell-Powered AUVs

Assessment of an Innovative Way to Store Hydrogen in Vehicles

Energy Storage Development Using Hydrogen and Its Potential Application in Colombia

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