Hydrogen permeation and diffusion in molybdenum

Tanabe, T.; Yamanishi, Y.; Imoto, Shôsuke

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(09)80083-4

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The reported permeability values are relatively consistent between the majority of studies, while the diffusivity and solubility values range over several orders of magnitude. The results of Tanabe et al [198] are proposed here as they appear to represent nearly upper bounds of both diffusivity and solubility, without overestimating permeability. The study of Tanabe and co-workers also has the advantage that permeability and diffusivity were measured over a wide range of temperature and pressure, confirming the appropriate pressure dependencies of permeability and diffusivity for diffusion-limited transport.…”

Section: Low Permeation Metalsmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Tritium Barriers and Tritium Diffusion in Fusion Reactors

Causey

Karnesky

Marchi

2012

Comprehensive Nuclear Materials

132

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Tritium and deuterium induce radiation in reactor materials and some radioactive tritium gas may be released. Most of the materials used in fusion reactors are metals that have relatively high permeabilities for tritium. The fusion community has been working on barriers to minimize tritium release. Unfortunately, most barrier materials work very well during laboratory experiments, but fail to meet requirements when placed in radiation environments.This chapter presents tritium permeation characteristics of various materials used in fusion reactors, including plasma-facing, structural, and barrier materials. The necessary parameters for tritium release calculations for various regions of a fusion reactor are given.

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Section: Low Permeation Metalsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…• Molybdenum Several reviews of the literature on hydrogen transport in molybdenum have noted variability of the transport parameters [105,197,198]. The reported permeability values are relatively consistent between the majority of studies, while the diffusivity and solubility values range over several orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Low Permeation Metalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Tritium Barriers and Tritium Diffusion in Fusion Reactors

Causey

Karnesky

Marchi

2012

Comprehensive Nuclear Materials

132

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“…Wilson, but most of the experimental work done of diffusion and solubility of Mo was performed before 1991, so the review remains valuable and accurate despite its age [4]. Some of the experiments will be discussed in detail but a more thorough collection of the data can be seen in figure 2.1 [27,28,29,30,31,10,32,33,34,35] and figure 2.2 [36,34,27,37,10,32,33,31].…”

Section: Hydrogenic Transport In Momentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tanabe et al studied the permeability of >99.999% pure hydrogen gas through a 99.9 % pure Mo 0.1-1 mm thick disc produced by powder metallurgy [31]. The disc was annealed at 1200 K for 2 h before any experiments were performed.…”

Section: Hydrogenic Transport In Momentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Plasma-Surface Interactions using In-situ Ion Beam Analysis

Whyte¹

2009

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SummaryThe overall goal of this proposal was to develop an innovative experimental facility that would allow for the measurement of real-time response of a material surface to plasma bombardment by employing in-situ high-energy ion beam analysis. This facility was successfully developed and deployed at U. Wisconsin-Madison and was named DIONISOS (Dynamics of IONic Implantation & Sputtering on Surfaces).There were several major highlights to the DIONISOS research which we will briefly highlight below. The full technical details of the DIONISOS development, deployment and research results are contained in the Appendices which contain several peer-reviewed publications and a PhD thesis devoted to DIONISOS. The DIONISOS results on deuterium retention in molybdenum were chosen as an invited talk at the 2008 International Conference on Plasma-Surface Interactions in Toledo, Spain. Design HighlightsThe DIONISOS design activity was significant. For the first time ever, a high power magnetized plasma environment was combine with high-energy ion beams from an accelerator. This posed several unique challenges that were overcome in the first 1.5 years of design and implementation.1. The 1.7 MV tandem ion accelerator was refurbished and commissioned. The accelerator was re-assembled and installed at UW-Madison after being shipped from Bell Labs in New Jersey, from where it was purchased 2. A dedicated plasma exposure chamber was designed which featured several innovations ( Fig. 1 5. Innovative charged-particle detectors for ion beam analysis that included active cooling and particle shielding from the nearby plasma. This allowed in-situ surface analysis when the plasma was bombarding the target samples.6. Remotely controlled beam-steering and rastering across the sample face using upstream electrostatic deflectors and strong differential pumping.7. Plasma diagnostics including a scanning langmuir probe and infrared thermography of the target.In summary, the design was successful at integrating a high flux plasma exposure chamber with real-time in-situ ion beam surface analysis for the first time. Fig. 2 Photos of the DIONISOS target chamber a) Rotatable target assembly with active heating/cooling and electrical biasing. Overlays shows how the ~mm diameter ion beam can be scanned across the plasma profile. B) Deuterium helicon plasma incident on a molybdenum target. Research HighlightsThe latter half of the research grant activity focused on deuterium fuel retention in refractory metals. In future burning plasma devices like ITER, tritium fuel retention is a serious safety concern; and tritium fuel economy is a concern for eventual fusion reactors breeding their own tritium. At the same time, refractory metals such as molybdenum and tungsten are leading candidates as PFC materials because of their erosion resistance. We used the unique scientific measurement tools of DIONISOS to explore the dynamic interaction of a deuterium plasma with the metals to illuminate fundamental process of importance. Further motivation was provid...

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Low‐energy nuclear fusion reactions in solids: Experiments

Alexandrov

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Replicable experimental results about low‐energy nuclear fusion reactions based on initially reacting deuterium nuclei giving cold nuclear fusion synthesis of helium (both isotopes 3He and 4He) and energy release as final products are reported in this article. These final products are results of interaction of deuterium with the solids in experimental system including two specimens: molybdenum metal and palladium nanowires. Experimental proofs about cold nuclear fusion synthesis of both 3He and 4He are provided. It reported a correlation between concentration of the generated helium and the measured temperature of the sample holder. It is found that the concentrations of both 3He and 4He increase with increase of the kinetic energies of the interacting deuterium nuclei and also with increase of the temperature of the sample holder.

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Hydrogen permeation and diffusion in molybdenum

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Tritium Barriers and Tritium Diffusion in Fusion Reactors

Tritium Barriers and Tritium Diffusion in Fusion Reactors

Dynamics of Plasma-Surface Interactions using In-situ Ion Beam Analysis

Low‐energy nuclear fusion reactions in solids: Experiments

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