Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion production by polymorphonuclear neutrophils in patients with chronic periapical granuloma, before and after surgical treatment

Abstract

Chronic periapical granuloma represents a localized tissue injury with well established signs of systemic immunological reactions. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in patients with chronic periapical granuloma before and after surgical treatment. The affected teeth were extracted from 20 patients with chronic periapical lesions. Blood samples were obtained at admission, before extraction and on day 14. PMNs were isolated from blood samples and superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production were estimated without stimulation and after stimulation of the cells with opsonized zymosan. Similar procedures were performed with blood samples obtained from 20 healthy controls. Superoxide anions as well as hydrogen peroxide production by unstimulated cells obtained from patients before treatment were significantly higher in comparison with controls. Fourteen days after extraction O2- production by unstimulated cells was higher than the controls and significantly lower in comparison to PMNs obtained before treatment, while H2O2 production was not significantly higher when compared to controls and significantly lower in comparison with PMNs obtained before extraction. The results obtained strongly imply the termination of a generalized inflammatory response after elimination of local inflammation by tooth extraction.

Can Apical Periodontitis Modify Systemic Levels of Inflammatory Markers? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…After duplicate references were discarded, a subsequent search at the title and abstract level revealed 30 articles for full-text reading, 9 of which were identified through a hand search (62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71). At this level, 10 studies were excluded, and reasons for exclusions are listed in Table 1.…”

C-Reactive Protein Expression Is Up-regulated in Apical Lesions of Endodontic Origin in Association with Interleukin-6

“…Immunoinflammatory reactions during AAP are not necessarily restricted to periapical tissues; therefore, antigens and immunoinflammatory mediators originating in the root canal system and periapical areas might leak from vascular inflamed tissues and cause systemic responses (22). Besides its local effects, IL-6 has potent systemic effects, stimulating hematopoiesis, T-and B-cell growth and differentiation, and acute-phase reaction (6), suggesting that ALEOs might cross talk with systemic inflammation through the IL-6/CRP axis.…”

Local Application of Melatonin Into Alveolar Sockets of Beagle Dogs Reduces Tooth Removal–Induced Oxidative Stress

“…Thus, during the first 24 to 48 hours postextraction, edema and vasodilatation are observed in the periphery of the alveolar socket with a marked infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes 15,38 . Gingival tissue infiltration by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes, whose principal function after tooth extraction is phagocytosis of bacteria, is also responsible for the generation of ROS 1,2,13,14 . Besides the inflammatory process, other mechanisms, including breakdown of the gingival fibers, damage to periodontal vessels, and the mechanical mutilation to oral tissues as a consequence of tooth extraction, also participate in the oral damage after tooth removal 15,38 .…”