Hydrogen peroxide as catalyst for emulsion polymerization of butadiene and styrene

Marvel, C. S.; Deanin, Rudolph D.; Claus, Claudia; Wyld, Mary B.; Seitz, Rachel

doi:10.1002/pol.1948.120030307

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the modifying range of dodecyl mercaptan concentrations the plasticity of GR-S can be varied widely from stiff polymers of a Mooney plasticity value of 150 to very soft polymers of about 15 Mooney. Polymers of about 50 Mooney plasticity are most satisfactory for factory processing.…”

Section: Initiation and Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Rubber Polymerization Practices

Bebb¹,

Carr²,

Wakefield³

1952

Ind. Eng. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Initiation and Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Rubber Polymerization Practices

Bebb¹,

Carr²,

Wakefield³

1952

Ind. Eng. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…(35) showed that a water solublc l~eroxide such as hydrogen peroxide disappeared from the ~nedium prior t o polymerization. Ho~~rever, the work published by Fordham and Williams (5,6,7,8,9), by Icharasch et al (22,23) and by I<olthoff et al (24,28,30) str-ongly suggested that the most probable locus of initial free radical fornlation was in the aqueous phase.…”

Section: Caivadian Journal Of C H E X I S T R Y 10lmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Alpha-Ketols in the Low-Sugar Redox Recipe for Low Temperature Emulsion Copolymerization

Orr¹,

Williams²

1951

Can. J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

I t was found.that the induced deconlposition of peroxy co~llpounds c o~~l d lead to faster rates of polymerization or practical rates of polymerization a t lower tcmperat~tres. In Germany polymerization recipes were developed containing a pefosy conlpound in the oil phase, a reducer in the aqueous phase and a metal carrler. 'This idea was transferred to America after the war and became the basis of the present recipes used i n the production of cold rubbers. As reducers the most comn~only used appear to be digested d-glucose or a n excess of ferrous iron but recently the polyamines and other amine conipounds have been found to be quite effective. 'The mixture of anline and sugar was better than either alone. I t has been shown that this mixture will function in the presence of reactive monomers such a s acrylonitrile. The role of such reducers is of considerable interest so t h a t further studies were undertaken. The results obtained may be illustrated by acetoin. .4s the amount of acetoin is increased in the recipe the arnount of ferrous iron required for maximal conversion in a given time 1s decreased. This is because a t higher than the optimal amounts, although the reaction rate is still increasing, the catalyst system is rapidly exhausted so that the reaction dies a t a lower conversion. T h e data can be explained by assuming formation of free radicals by the induced decomposition of the peroxide either by the acetoin, the ferrous iron, or a co~nplex between the iron and acetoin. This free radical then initiates polymerization. T h e acetoin free radical residue can induce the further decon~position of the peroside or possibly can reduce ferric iron to ferrous. Other con~pounds yield similar results. IntroductionSome of the earliest studies of activated polymerization reactions are those of Stewart (49,50,51,52,53) in which redox catalysts con~posed of a polymerization initiator, a heavy metal, and a phosphate or polyphosphate such as pyrophosphate or fructose diphosphate, an organic acid, or a polyhydroxy conlpound such as dextrose. E. I. du Pant de Nemours and Co. patented similar systems (44).The German work developed the desirable combination of an oil soluble peroxy conlpound and a water soluble reducer in combination with a heavy metal carrier to a high degree. These results were summarized by Weidlein (63) who mentioned the system benzoyl peroxide -ferrous fatty acids -sorbosesodium pyrophosphate. Later several publications appeared in Germany (17, 18,19,20,21,31,33) describing their earlier work and several in the United States describing the studies there which were stimulated by the earlier report (63).Wall and Swoboda (62) attempted to formulate the reactions of such a system. Some credence to their postulate could be given when such highly

show abstract

“…Johanson and Goldblatt (88) review the effect of catalysts and modifiers on the yield, solubility, and viscosity of copolymers obtained by the emulsion polymerization of isoprene and styrene. The use of hydrogen peroxide as a catalyst for the emulsion copolymerization of butadiene and styrene was studied by Marvel, Deanin, Claus, Wyld, and Seitz (114). Redington (137) reports on the effectiveness of various diacyl peroxides as catalysts for the bulk polymerization of styrene.…”

Section: Catalysts Modifiers and Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chem., 41, 992-1003 (1949). (114) Sherwood, P. W., Petroleum Processing, 28, 129-34 (1949). ( 115) Simonds, J. H. (to Phillips Petroleum Co.), U. S. Patent 2,458,-107 (Jan. 4,1949).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization

Winding¹

1949

Ind. Eng. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrogen peroxide as catalyst for emulsion polymerization of butadiene and styrene

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Synthetic Rubber Polymerization Practices

Synthetic Rubber Polymerization Practices

The Role of Alpha-Ketols in the Low-Sugar Redox Recipe for Low Temperature Emulsion Copolymerization

Polymerization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About