Hydrogen peroxide in exhaled air of healthy children: reference values

Jöbsis, Quirijn; Raatgeep, H. C.; Schellekens, S. L.; Hop, Wim C. J.; Hermans, Peter W. M.; Jongste, Johan C. de

doi:10.1183/09031936.98.12020483

Cited by 81 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Exhaled H 2 O 2 levels in adult CF-patients were investigated earlier and appeared not to be significantly different from those of healthy controls [22,29]. In this study in CF-children with acute infective pulmonary exacerbations higher levels were found than in healthy children [21], and a significant decrease of serial exhaled H 2 O 2 levels in the course of treatment with antibiotics was also found. The observed H 2 O 2 concentrations at the end of the treatment period are similar to those found previously in healthy children [21], and are in agreement with the results of stable CF-adults [22,29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The fluorescent product of the condensate and of a standard solution of H 2 O 2 were quantified fluorimetrically. This assay showed a satisfactory within subject reproducibility of exhaled H 2 O 2 values of healthy subjects obtained on two consecutive days and with a 1 week interval [21,22].…”

Section: Hydrogen Peroxide Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equipment was designed to avoid contamination of the condensate with saliva, as saliva is a source of H 2 O 2 . Saliva contamination was excluded, as described previously [21], by measuring amylase in all breath condensates which is a sensitive marker for the detection of contamination of the condensate with saliva [22,23].…”

Section: Hydrogen Peroxide Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in exhaled air of children with cystic fibrosis during antibiotic treatment

Jöbsis

Raatgeep²,

Schellekens³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients characteristically have severe chronic airway inflammation associated with bacterial infection. A noninvasive marker of airway inflammation could be a useful guide to treatment of CF lung disease. The aim of this study was to assess whether measurement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air can serve to monitor the effect of treatment with antibiotics in CF‐children with acute infective pulmonary exacerbations. Sixteen CF‐patients (mean age 12.3 yrs) with exacerbation of their lung infection were treated with intravenous antibiotics in an uncontrolled study. During treatment, H2O2 in exhaled air condensate was measured twice a week. In addition, serial NO measurements were performed in nine patients. During antibiotic treatment the median H2O2 concentration in exhaled air condensate decreased significantly from 0.28 µM (range 0.07–1.20 µM) to 0.16 µM (range 0.05–0.24 µM, p=0.002) and the mean forced expiratory volume in one second significantly increased from 55% predicted to 75% pred (p=0.001). In individual subjects, changes of H2O2 and FEV1 between pairs of serial measurements correlated weakly (p=0.08). Data on exhaled NO were inconclusive; exhaled NO did not change systematically during treatment. It is concluded that cystic fibrosis patients with an acute pulmonary exacerbation have abnormally high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, but not of nitric oxide, in exhaled air, which decrease during intravenous antibiotic treatment. Further controlled studies should establish if exhaled hydrogen peroxide, may serve as a noninvasive parameter of airway inflammation to guide antibiotic treatment in cystic fibrosis lung disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Hydrogen Peroxide Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Peroxide Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in exhaled air of children with cystic fibrosis during antibiotic treatment

Jöbsis

Raatgeep²,

Schellekens³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

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“…An earlier study found protein contamination of most samples at very low levels (using two dimensional gel electrophoresis) [5]. Other condensate studies have either not attempted to identify contamination [7,15], or have not demonstrated contamination in healthy children [12]. This is the first study to assess potential contamination in children with respiratory disease, however there was no correlation between age or FEV1 and amylase in condensate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…A potentially significant level of a-amylase contamination (>10 u . L -1 amylase [12]) was found in 17 of 31 CF samples with sufficient volume after nitrite measurement. The median level of salivary amylase in all samples was 16 u .…”

Section: Assessment Of Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Measurement of inflammatory markers in the breath condensate of children with cystic fibrosis

Cunningham

McColm

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

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Identifying noninvasive markers of pulmonary inflammation would be useful in assessing new therapies in children. Breath condensate is a simple and potentially acceptable sample medium even in small children. The technique has previously been used in adults, but not children with cystic fibrosis.The technique was assessed in 36 children with cystic fibrosis (mean age 10.4 yrs) and 17 control subjects, analysing samples for nitrite, interleukin(IL)-8 and salivary and nasal contamination. Correlations were made between levels of the inflammatory markers and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity, chest radiograph score and use of inhaled steroids.On samples without significant contamination (<10 u . L -1 amylase) nitrite was detected in 93% of samples at a median concentration of 3.0 mM compared with 50% of control samples at a median of 0.5 mM. Condensate amylase levels did not correlate with the nitrite value obtained (r=0.31). IL-8 was detected in 33% of CF samples.Breath condensate is an acceptable method of sample collection in children. Nitrite was raised in breath condensate from patients with cystic fibrosis when compared with control subjects. Eur Respir J 2000; 15: 955±957. Pulmonary inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) begins soon after birth [1], and arresting this progressive inflammation is central to CF research. It would be desirable therefore to identify a measure of pulmonary inflammation (single or combined), that is more sensitive than pulmonary function testing, noninvasive, repeatable and applicable to young children. The assessment of exhaled breath in CF has not been fruitful: nitric oxide levels are normal [2], or reduced [3] in CF when compared with control subjects, and exhaled pentane is raised in CF, but prone to gastrointestinal contamination [4].The measurement of inflammatory mediators in breath condensate (exhaled aerosolized bronchoalveolar lining fluid), might provide a noninvasive, direct assessment of pulmonary inflammation. Condensate is capable of carrying molecules <65 kDa [5]: that could include the majority of pro-inflammatory pulmonary cytokines that are increased in CF. Nitrite This technique, however, has not been applied to children with CF, and the aim of the current study was therefore to evaluate the reliability and acceptability of this technique, assessing whether children with CF have raised nitrite (like their adult counterparts [6]), and to assess for the first time whether IL-8, a dominant pro-inflammatory cytokine in CF [8], is found in measurable quantities in exhaled condensate. MethodsThe study was performed at the authors' regional paediatric CF centre (Edinburgh, Scotland, UK). Control samples were collected from children who were either staff relatives or attending fracture clinic with single stable fractures and no history of chronic respiratory illness. Children with CF were clinically stable at the time of assessment.The equipment for condensate collection has previously been used successfully in adults, ...

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Passive smoking does not increase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in exhaled breath condensate in 9-year-old healthy children

Doniec¹,

Nowak

Tomalak³

et al. 2004

Pediatr. Pulmonol.

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Environmental tobacco smoke, also called passive smoking, was shown to have adverse effects on the health of children. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is proposed as a sensitive marker of oxidative injury and inflammatory processes in the airways, being increased in adult active cigarette smokers. We tested whether passive smoking had an influence on H2O2 exhalation in healthy children. Thirty healthy passive smoking and 24 nonexposed healthy children aged 9 years were included in the study. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was obtained by spontaneous tidal volume breathing with EcoScreen (Jaeger, Germany). All subjects underwent flow-volume measurements immediately after EBC collection. Levels of H2O2 were measured fluorimetrically with the homovanillic acid method. Lung function did not differ between the passive smoking and nonexposed children groups. In the passive smoking group, EBC H2O2 concentration (median and range) was 0.32 (0.00-1.20) microM, and did not differ significantly (P >0.05) from that found in the nonexposed group, i.e., 0,22 (0.00-0.68) microM. Exhaled H2O2 did not correlate with spirometric parameters (FEV1, FEV1%FVC, and MEF50%FVC) in either group. We conclude that passive smoking does not increase H2O2 exhalation in healthy children.

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Hydrogen peroxide in exhaled air of healthy children: reference values

Cited by 81 publications

References 11 publications

Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in exhaled air of children with cystic fibrosis during antibiotic treatment

Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in exhaled air of children with cystic fibrosis during antibiotic treatment

Measurement of inflammatory markers in the breath condensate of children with cystic fibrosis

Passive smoking does not increase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in exhaled breath condensate in 9-year-old healthy children

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