“…In recent years in the area of pain research, newer assays of pain in rodent models, such as wheel running, burrowing, gait, ultrasonic vocalization, conditioned place preference etc. have been developed (Vrinten and Hamers 2003, Li, Rhodes et al 2004, Williams, Riskin et al 2008, King, Vera-Portocarrero et al 2009, Truin, van Kleef et al 2009, Kurejova, Nattenmuller et al 2010, Mogil, Graham et al 2010, Andrews, Legg et al 2012, Cobos, Ghasemlou et al 2012, Huehnchen, Boehmerle et al 2013, Parvathy and Masocha 2013, Ruan, Patel et al 2013, Chiang, Sheu et al 2014, Muramatsu, Sasho et al 2014, Rutten, Robens et al 2014, Sahbaie, Sun et al 2014, Gould, Doods et al 2016, Pitzer, Kuner et al 2016, Wodarski, Delaney et al 2016, Sheahan, Siuda et al 2017, Sugiyama, Kang et al 2017) in an effort to improve the translational potential of preclinical findings (Barrot 2012, Tappe-Theodor and Kuner 2014, Clark 2016). However, most of these newer and operant-based assays haven’t shown universality across different pain types, such as inflammatory, neuropathic, and specific disease-related.…”