Hydrogen Plasma Processing of Iron Ore

Sabat, Kali Charan; Murphy, Anthony B.

doi:10.1007/s11663-017-0957-1

Cited by 69 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…In search for some low-carbon footprint technologies, hydrogen (H2) has been found as the most suitable candidate to replace carbon [1,[4][5]. H2 is the strongest candidate because it possesses thermodynamic and kinetic advantages [1,4,[14][15][16][17][18][19][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] compared to CO2. Also, the reduction product is environmental friendly water (H2O) and a very low quantity of H2 consumed per tonne of iron.…”

Section: Low-carbon Footprint Technology -Hydrogen Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solar energy is also being utilized to produce H2 by using solar cells to provide the necessary electrons for electrolyzing H2O, or by using sunlight directly on semiconductors immersed in H2O to cause photocatalytic H2O splitting [20,21]. H2 production from other sources have been reported in an earlier publication [1].…”

Section: Low-carbon Footprint Technology -Hydrogen Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These unit steps/processes are causing many environmental problems, huge costs, and facing strict environmental regulations due to the emission of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2). A huge amount of CO2 (1.8 tonnes) is produced per tonne of steel [1]. The current steel production is 1869 million tonnes [2], which is going on increasing year by year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operations in these matured technologies have almost attained the thermodynamic equilibrium, thereby eliminating the possibilities of decreasing the CO2 emissions [3]. Therefore, a massive amount of money (~ US $1 billion) has already been invested in R&D projects [1,4] in search of low-carbon breakthrough technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physics and Chemistry of Solid State Direct Reduction of Iron Ore by Hydrogen Plasma

Sabat

2021

Phys. Chem. Solid St.

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Presently, Iron is produced from iron ores by using carbon from coal. The production process is consisting of many stages. The involvement of multi-stages needs high capital investments, large-scale equipments, and produces large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) responsible for environmental pollution. There have been significant efforts to replace carbon with hydrogen (H2). Although H2 is the strongest reductant, it still also has thermodynamic and kinetic limitations. However, these thermodynamic and kinetic limitations could be removed by hydrogen plasma (HP). HP comprises rovibrationally excited molecular, atomic, and ionic states of hydrogen. All of them contribute to thermodynamic advantage by making the Gibbs standard free energy more negative, which makes the reduction of iron oxides feasible at low temperatures. Apart from the thermodynamic advantage, these excited species increase the internal energy of HP, which reduces the activation energy, thereby making the reduction easier and faster. Apart from the thermodynamic and kinetic advantage of HP, the byproduct of the reaction is environmentally benign water. This review discusses the physics and chemistry of iron ore reduction using HP, emphasizing the solid-state reduction of iron ore. HP reduction of iron ore is a high potential and attractive reduction process.

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Section: Low-carbon Footprint Technology -Hydrogen Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Low-carbon Footprint Technology -Hydrogen Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physics and Chemistry of Solid State Direct Reduction of Iron Ore by Hydrogen Plasma

Sabat

2021

Phys. Chem. Solid St.

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“…Several species are present in the plasma zone of the HPSR process, namely photons, free electrons, hydrogen atoms, hydrogen ions, and molecules [17,33,34]. In the plasma arc, not only iron and iron oxide can be released from the iron ore and liquid bath but also carbon is released from graphite electrode.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Properties Of Thermal Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic of Liquid Iron Ore Reduction by Hydrogen Thermal Plasma

Seftejani

Schenk

2018

Metals

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The production of iron using hydrogen as a reducing agent is an alternative to conventional iron- and steel-making processes, with an associated decrease in CO2 emissions. Hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HPSR) of iron ore is the process of using hydrogen in a plasma state to reduce iron oxides. A hydrogen plasma arc is generated between a hollow graphite electrode and liquid iron oxide. In the present study, the thermodynamics of hydrogen thermal plasma and the reduction of iron oxide using hydrogen at plasma temperatures were studied. Thermodynamics calculations show that hydrogen at high temperatures is atomized, ionized, or excited. The Gibbs free energy changes of iron oxide reductions indicate that activated hydrogen particles are stronger reducing agents than molecular hydrogen. Temperature is the main influencing parameter on the atomization and ionization degree of hydrogen particles. Therefore, to increase the hydrogen ionization degree and, consequently, increase of the reduction rate of iron ore particles, the reduction reactions should take place in the plasma arc zone due to the high temperature of the plasma arc in HPSR. Moreover, the solubility of hydrogen in slag and molten metal are studied and the sequence of hematite reduction reactions is presented.

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Dielectric Barrier Plasma Discharge Exsolution of Nanoparticles at Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure

ul Haq,

Fanelli,

Bekris

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Exsolution of metal nanoparticles (NPs) on perovskite oxides has been demonstrated as a reliable strategy for producing catalyst‐support systems. Conventional exsolution requires high temperatures for long periods of time, limiting the selection of support materials. Plasma direct exsolution is reported at room temperature and atmospheric pressure of Ni NPs from a model A‐site deficient perovskite oxide (La0.43Ca0.37Ni0.06Ti0.94O2.955). Plasma exsolution is carried out within minutes (up to 15 min) using a dielectric barrier discharge configuration both with He‐only gas as well as with He/H2 gas mixtures, yielding small NPs (<30 nm diameter). To prove the practical utility of exsolved NPs, various experiments aimed at assessing their catalytic performance for methanation from synthesis gas, CO, and CH4 oxidation are carried out. Low‐temperature and atmospheric pressure plasma exsolution are successfully demonstrated and suggest that this approach could contribute to the practical deployment of exsolution‐based stable catalyst systems.

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Hydrogen Plasma Processing of Iron Ore

Cited by 69 publications

References 106 publications

Physics and Chemistry of Solid State Direct Reduction of Iron Ore by Hydrogen Plasma

Physics and Chemistry of Solid State Direct Reduction of Iron Ore by Hydrogen Plasma

Thermodynamic of Liquid Iron Ore Reduction by Hydrogen Thermal Plasma

Dielectric Barrier Plasma Discharge Exsolution of Nanoparticles at Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure

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