Hydrogen production by steam reforming of methanol for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Amphlett, J. C.; Creber, Katherine A. M.; Davis, James; Mann, R. F.; Peppley, Brant A.; Stokes, D.M.

doi:10.1016/0360-3199(94)90117-1

Cited by 230 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The benefit is somewhat offset by the increased heating requirement for vaporizing the additional water in the feed [5,7].…”

Section: Methanol Steam Reformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of zinc oxide was found to be essential for the catalyst stability under reaction conditions [4]. As reported by numerous authors, a water to methanol molar ratio higher than 1 is beneficial for the catalyst activity and enhances the carbon dioxide selectivity [5,6]. At temperatures above 300 • C, catalyst deactivation can no longer be neglected and diminishes the reactor performance [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen production for fuel cell application in an autothermal micro-channel reactor

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Renken

Haas‐Santo

et al. 2004

Chemical Engineering Journal

130

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Results concerning the coupling of the steam reforming (SR) and total oxidation (TOX) of methanol in a two-passage reactor are presented. A commercially available copper based catalyst is used for the steam reforming. For the total oxidation, a highly active cobalt oxide catalyst was developed. Both catalysts are used in form of thin layers immobilized on the wall of the micro-channels. Reactor design and operating conditions are based on kinetic models developed under isothermal conditions in micro-structured reactors. For the oxidation reaction, complete conversion of methanol (>99%) at temperatures higher than 250 • C is observed. For the steam reforming, the hydrogen and CO 2 selectivity is higher than 96% for methanol conversion up to 90%. Besides the steady state, the dynamic behavior of the coupled system is studied. It is shown that the transient behavior is mainly determined by the thermal inertia of the system.

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“…The benefit is somewhat offset by the increased heating requirement for vaporizing the additional water in the feed [5,7].…”

Section: Methanol Steam Reformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen production for fuel cell application in an autothermal micro-channel reactor

Reuse

Renken

Haas‐Santo

et al. 2004

Chemical Engineering Journal

130

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“…In the literature, copper-based catalysts have received considerable attention for production of H 2 by SRM [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Recent papers have discussed the POM reaction [22][23][24], as well as the combined process for production of H 2 [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of hydrogen from methanol over Cu/ZnO catalysts promoted by ZrO2 and Al2O3

Agrell

Birgersson

Boutonnet

et al. 2003

Journal of Catalysis

371

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“…Thus, methanol often is considered as an alternative "automotive" fuel and could serve as a potential hydrogen source for fuel cell applications (3). Current efforts are dedicated to the minimization of selectivity to CO which acts as a poison in fuel cell applications (4). The steam reforming reaction (CH 3 OH + H 2 O ?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Behavior of Copper Oxide/Zinc Oxide Catalysts in the Steam Reforming of Methanol Studied by in Situ X-Ray Diffraction and Absorption Spectroscopy

Günter

Ressler

Jentoft

et al. 2001

Journal of Catalysis

249

162

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The bulk structure of copper in various binary Cu/ZnO catalysts for steam reforming of methanol under activation and working conditions is studied by in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The evolution of bulk phases from CuO/ZnO precursors during activation with hydrogen was studied using temperature programmed reduction (TPR) (448 -523 K, 2 vol-% H 2 with and without water vapor). With decreasing copper content the onset of reduction is shifted from 473 K (pure CuO) to 443 K (40 mol-% Cu) accompanied by a decrease in Cu crystallite sizes (from 210 Å to 40 Å). Using time -resolved in situ XANES measurements at the Cu K edge during TPR experiments the degree of reduction was monitored. It is shown that Cu(I) oxide forms prior to Cu. Adding oxygen to the feed gas leads to the formation of a mixture of Cu(II) and Cu(I) oxide accompanied by a complete loss of activity. After switching back to steam reforming conditions a higher activity is attained while the catalyst shows an increased Cu crystallite size (up to 40%). EXAFS measurements at the Cu K and the Zn K edge indicate a structural disorder of the Cu particles in the medium range order based on increasing Debye-Waller factors for higher Cu-Cu shells . Furthermore, the dissolution of Zn atoms (up to ~ 4 mol-%) in the copper lattice is detected. Upon oxidation/reduction cycles activity is increased, the disorder in the copper particles increases, and Zn segregates out of the copper bulk. A structural model is proposed which ascribes the enhanced activity to structurally disordered (strained) copper particles due to an improved interface interaction with ZnO.

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Hydrogen production by steam reforming of methanol for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Cited by 230 publications

References 2 publications

Hydrogen production for fuel cell application in an autothermal micro-channel reactor

Hydrogen production for fuel cell application in an autothermal micro-channel reactor

Production of hydrogen from methanol over Cu/ZnO catalysts promoted by ZrO2 and Al2O3

Redox Behavior of Copper Oxide/Zinc Oxide Catalysts in the Steam Reforming of Methanol Studied by in Situ X-Ray Diffraction and Absorption Spectroscopy

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