Hydrogen production from glycerol reforming: conventional and green production

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The use of biomass to produce transportation and related fuels is of increasing interest. In the traditional approach of converting oils and fats to fuels, transesterification processes yield a very large coproduction of glycerol. Initially, this coproduct was largely ignored and then considered as a useful feedstock for conversion to various chemicals. However, because of the intrinsic large production, any chemical feedstock role would consume only a fraction of the glycerol produced, so other options had to be considered. The reforming of glycerol was examined for syngas production, but more recently the use of photocatalytic decomposition to hydrogen (H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) is of major concern and several approaches have been proposed. The subject of this review is this greener photocatalytic route, especially involving the use of solar energy and visible light. Several different catalyst designs are considered, together with a very wide range of secured rates of H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> production spanning several orders of magnitude, depending on the catalytic system and the process conditions employed. H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> production is especially high when used in glycerol-water mixtures.</jats:p>

Effect of Co-Feeding Inorganic and Organic Molecules in the Fe and Co Catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: A Review

“…Water is of particular interest because the FTS produces a significant volume of water [61]. Conventional and green processes rely on accurate accounts of products and by-products [62]. An account of all large quantities of produced material should be thoroughly conducted to ensure the integration of various scenarios happening at different levels [63].…”

Inherent CO2 Capture and H2 Production Enhancement in a New Glycerol Steam Reformer Coupled with Chemical Looping Combustion

“…Hence, the process is not considered a cost-effective and reasonable choice, causing the crude glycerol conversion into more valuable compounds to gain global attraction . A well-suited approach to regulate the biodiesel production price is to produce hydrogen from glycerol because of its renewability, convenience, nontoxicity, abundance, accessibility, and sustainability. , …”

“…Furthermore, another fuel, which is methane in the MSR case, is consumed to make H 2 , while a waste (crude glycerol) is used in the GSR case . As a result, H 2 production by GSR that implies sustainable development and superior energy benefits is a smart alternative …”

“…7 A wellsuited approach to regulate the biodiesel production price is to produce hydrogen from glycerol because of its renewability, convenience, nontoxicity, abundance, accessibility, and sustainability. 8,9 From a global standpoint, methane steam reforming (MSR) monopolizes 95% of the generated hydrogen. Stoichiometrically, via MSR, 4 mol of H 2 is taken from one mole of methane, whereas 7 mol of H 2 can be obtained per a mole of glycerol through the GSR.…”

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“…Currently a large portion of the world’s fuel production is based on petroleum crude oil. − As the crude reserve is depleting at a rapid pace, much interest has shifted to finding alternative ways to sustain the ever-growing fuel consumption . With the fast development of processes to convert coal or methane to synthesis gas, the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process has received much attention as it can convert synthesis gas directly to liquid fuel. − Currently, a few design criteria are critical to the commercial success of an FT process.…”