Hydrogen Sensor for Oil Transformer Health Monitoring

Trace Detection of Dissolved Hydrogen Gas in Oil Using a Palladium Nanowire Array

“…For this reason, response and recovery were virtually unchanged across the temperate range explored here, except for some acceleration of the response at higher temperatures that can be attributed mainly to more rapid diffusive contributions to mixing. A more sophisticated oil flow system would be required to measure the sensor-limited response and recovery, but the rapidity of the response demonstrated in Figure is already sufficient for DGA. − …”

“…The most important technological application for dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is the detection of incipient faults in utility scale oil-filled power transformers. − Failure of a power transformer is known to be preceded by the evolution of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene caused by corona discharges, insulation degradation, and the decomposition of oil at “hot spots”. ,− The identity and concentrations of these dissolved gases enables the type of fault that will occur to be classified. , …”

Errors of Integrated Hydrogen Sensors Based on FETs with Structure Pd (Ag)–Ta2O5–SiO2–Si

“…Besides, there are changes of the palladium structure under the influence of hydrogen and oxygen (formation of Pd-H, Pd-O, mechanical stresses and swelling). [28][29][30] So there may be changed the density and electrical conductivity of Pd, as well as the electron work function from Pd.…”

Correlation of hydrogen generation with sparking discharges in a mineral insulating oil

“…Palladium is intrinsically selective for hydrogen. When hydrogen diffuses onto the surface of a palladium sensor, the lattice structure of the palladium is changed and forms palladium hydride [6]. Changes in electrical resistance reflect the hydrogen concentration.…”