Hydrogen solubility of shale oil containing polar phenolic compounds

Abstract

Many refineries use hydrogen to upgrade heavy fuel feedstocks, and therefore, hydrogen solubility is an important parameter. Shale oil is a fuel for which hydrotreatment is of interest, but no data about its hydrogen solubility can be found in the literature. This article presents experimental data for the hydrogen solubility of two shale oil samples measured at high temperatures and pressures (423 to 527 K and 40 to 140 bar). Experiments were performed using a continuous flow apparatus. Results show that the shale oil had a lower hydrogen solubility than most other fuels, probably due to the high content of polar phenolic compounds in the oil. Removing about 80% of the phenolic compounds increased the hydrogen solubility by approximately 0.1 mol H2/kg oil (which is about 15 to 45%, depending on the solubility). Analysis also showed that current prediction methods used for petroleum and coal liquids cannot reliably be used for predicting the hydrogen solubility of this shale oil and other similar fuels.

Temperature and Pressure Dependence of Density of a Shale Oil and Derived Thermodynamic Properties

“…15 The procedure involves extraction with 10% NaOH, washing with distilled water and drying the oil. 5,16,23 The hydrogen solubilities of these same samples were also measured as part of a separate set of experiments. 23 2.2.…”

“…5,16,23 The hydrogen solubilities of these same samples were also measured as part of a separate set of experiments. 23 2.2. Sample Characteristics.…”