Calcium (Ca 2? )/calmodulin (CaM), a core component of calcium messenger system, is a multiple second messenger that is involved in multiple stress tolerance including heat tolerance in plants, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is fast emerging similar functions, but Ca 2? and H 2 S crosstalk in the acquisition of thermotolerance is not completely understood. In this article, Ca 2? and CaM activated the activity of cysteine desulfhydrase (L-DES), followed by inducing endogenous H 2 S accumulation in tobacco suspension cultured cells, while treatment with Ca 2? chelator ethylene glycol-bis(b-aminoethylether)-N,N,N 0 ,N 0 -tetraacetic acid and CaM antagonists chlorpromazine lowered L-DES activity and H 2 S accumulation. Interestingly, Ca 2? -and CaM-activated L-DES activity and endogenous H 2 S accumulation were eliminated by H 2 S synthesis inhibitors DL-propargylglycine (PAG), aminooxy acetic acid (AOA), potassium pyruvate (PP) and hydroxylamine (HA), and the H 2 S scavenger hypotaurine (HT), indicating that Ca 2? and CaM regulated endogenous H 2 S generation via activating L-DES activity in tobacco cells. Furthermore, H 2 S donor NaHS, Ca 2? and CaM treatment alone significantly improved the thermotolerance of tobacco cells, and heat tolerance induced by Ca 2? and CaM was enhanced by exogenous NaHS, while weakened by PAG, AOA, PP, HA or HT. All above-mentioned results suggest that endogenous H 2 S generated by L-DES was involved, at least partly, in the thermotolerance induced by Ca 2? and CaM in tobacco suspension cell cultures.