Hydrogen sulfide is involved in maintaining ion homeostasis via regulating plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter system in the hydrogen peroxide-dependent manner in salt-stress Arabidopsis thaliana root

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) function as the signaling molecules in plants responding to salt stresses. The present study presents a signaling network involving H2S and H2O2 in salt resistance pathway of the Arabidopsis root. Arabidopsis roots were sensitive to 100 mM NaCl treatment, which displayed a great increase in electrolyte leakage (EL) and Na(+)/K(+) ratio under salt stress. The treatment of H2S donors sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) enhanced the salt tolerance by maintaining a lower Na(+)/K(+) ratio. In addition, the inhibition of root growth under salt stress was removed by H2S. Further studies indicated that H2O2 was involved in H2S-induced salt tolerance pathway. H2S induced the production of the endogenous H2O2 via regulating the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase, with the treatment with dimethylthiourea (DMTU, an ROS scavenger), diphenylene iodonium (DPI, a PM NADPH oxidase inhibitor), or glycerol (G6PDH inhibitor) removing the effect of H2S. Treatment with amiloride (an inhibitor of PM Na(+)/H(+) antiporter) and vanadate (an inhibitor of PM H(+)-ATPase) also inhibited the activity of H2S on Na(+)/K(+) ratio. Through an analysis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, we found that H2S promoted the genes expression and the phosphorylation level of PM H(+)-ATPase and Na(+)/H(+) antiporter protein level. However, when the endogenous H2O2 level was inhibited by DPI or DMTU, the effect of H2S on the PM Na(+)/H(+) antiporter system was removed. Taken together, H2S maintains ion homeostasis in the H2O2-dependent manner in salt-stress Arabidopsis root.

Hydrogen Sulfide: A Signal Molecule in Plant Cross-Adaptation

“…In addition, NaCl stress inhibited seed germination and seedling growth, but pretreatment with NaHS could significantly attenuate this inhibitive effect and increase the ratio of potassium (K) to sodium (Na) in the root parts (Wang et al, 2012). Also, under 100 mM NaCl stress, Arabidopsis roots displayed a great increase in electrolyte leakage and Na + /K + ratio, indicating that Arabidopsis was sensitive to salt stress, while treatment with NaHS enhanced the salt tolerance by maintaining a higher K + /Na + ratio (Li J. et al, 2014). In addition, the level of gene expression and the phosphorylation of plasma membrane H + -ATPase and Na + /H + antiporter protein was promoted by H 2 S, while the effect of H 2 S on the plasma membrane Na + /H + antiporter system was removed by diphenylene iodonium (DPI, a PM NADPH oxidase inhibitor) or dimethylthiourea (DMTU, an ROS scavenger) (Li J. et al, 2014), suggesting that H 2 S can maintain ion homeostasis in salt-stress Arabidopsis root in the H 2 O 2 -dependent manner.…”

Hydrogen sulfide - cysteine cycle system enhances cadmium tolerance through alleviating cadmium-induced oxidative stress and ion toxicity in Arabidopsis roots

“…The products of sulfur metabolism, such as Cys, GSH, PCs, MTs and H 2 S, have biological functions in plant responses to heavy metal stress and oxidative stress25. Recently, positive effects of H 2 S in response to several types of abiotic stress in plants have been found, such as osmotic stress, salt stress, heat shock stress and heavy metal stress26272829. It has been reported that a cross-talk between H 2 S and nitric oxide is responsible for the increased Cd 2+ tolerance in alfalfa and Bermuda grass plants3031.…”

Hydrogen Sulfide: A New Node in the Abscisic Acid-Dependent Guard Cell Signaling Network?

“…As a signaling molecule, H 2 S is active on stomatal guard cells, as has been reported in multiple studies over recent years (García-Mata and Lamattina, 2013;Hou et al, 2013;Jin et al, 2013;Li et al, 2014). One of the key regulators of guard cells is abscisic acid (ABA), which is produced in response to a variety of stresses and promotes stomatal closure.…”