Hydrogen Sulfide Plays an Important Protective Role by Influencing Autophagy in Diseases

Abstract

Autophagy can regulate cell growth, proliferation, and stability of cell environment. Its dysfunction can be involved in a variety of diseases. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important signaling molecule that regulates many physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies indicate that H2S plays an important protective role in many diseases through influencing autophagy, but its mechanism is not fully understood. This article reviewed the progress about the effect of H2S on autophagy in diseases in recent years in order to provide theoretical basis for the further research on the interaction of H2S and autophagy and the mechanisms involved.

Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Plays an Important Role Through Regulating Autophagy in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

“…Autophagy can be induced by hypoxia, ischemia, pathogen infection, protein misfolding, hormone therapy, nutritional deficiency, and other internal and external factors ( Matsui et al, 2007 ; Ravanan et al, 2017 ). Abnormal autophagy plays an important role in many pathological processes including ischemia-reperfusion injury ( Wang et al, 2019 ), inflammatory and infectious diseases, obesity and type 2 diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases ( Choi et al, 2013 ; Jiang and Mizushima, 2014 ). The relevant mechanism has not been fully understood.…”

Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Plays an Important Role by Regulating Autophagy in Diabetic-Related Diseases

“…Liraglutide promotes autophagy and induces pancreatic β cell proliferation to improve diabetes in high-fat-fed or STZ-treated rats [39]. Recent studies indicate that H 2 S plays an important role by regulating autophagy in many diseases including cancer, tissue fibrosis diseases and glycometabolic diseases [9]; however, the relevant mechanisms have not been fully studied. In this review, we summarize the recent research on the role of H 2 S regulating autophagy in diabetic-related diseases to provide reference for future related research.…”

“…Autophagy includes several successive steps: induction, autophagosome formation, autophagosome fusion and degradation [8]. Beclin1, LC3, P62 and other conserved proteins participate in the autophagy process and are regarded as autophagy-related proteins [9]. Among them, LC3, a ubiquitin-like protein, promotes the formation of autophagosomes [8,10].…”

The Role of the Effects of Autophagy on NLRP3 Inflammasome in Inflammatory Nervous System Diseases

“…Macroautophagy involves the formation of a double membranous vesicle that isolates the cytoplasm. The complete vesicles, called autophagosomes, then fuse with lysosomes for subsequent degradation (Wang et al, 2019a;Zhu et al, 2019). In microautophagy, the substances destined for degradation reach lysosome cavity through invagination of lysosome or endoplasmic membrane (Sahu et al, 2011).…”

“…Among these three autophagy processes, macroautophagy, referred to as autophagy, is the most active form and has been widely studied in diseases (Ueno and Komatsu, 2017;Galluzzi and Green, 2019). Beclin1, LC3, P62, and other conserved proteins participate in the autophagy process and are regarded as autophagy-related proteins (Wang et al, 2019a). Among them, LC3, a ubiquitin-like protein, promotes autophagosome formation (Fujita et al, 2008;Pyo et al, 2012).…”