Hydrogen Supply: Cost Estimate for Hydrogen Pathways--Scoping Analysis, January 22, 2002--July 22, 2002

Simbeck, D.R.; Chang, Edward F.

doi:10.2172/15002482

Cited by 131 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Several recent studies of hydrogen infrastructure have assessed near-term and long-term alternatives for hydrogen supply [1][2]. In this paper, we discuss how advances in material science related to hydrogen storage could change how a future hydrogen infrastructure is designed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing a Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure:Storage Options and System Design

Ogden

Yang

2005

MRS Proc.

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The development of a hydrogen infrastructure has been identified as a key barrier to implementing hydrogen as for a future transportation fuel. Several recent studies of hydrogen infrastructure have assessed near-term and long-term alternatives for hydrogen supply [1][2]. In this paper, we discuss how advances in material science related to hydrogen storage could change how a future hydrogen infrastructure is designed. Using a simplified engineering/economic model for hydrogen infrastructure design and cost, we explore some potential impacts of advances in storage materials, in terms of system design, cost, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions. INTRODUCTIONHydrogen is receiving increased attention as a future transportation fuel. Fuel cell vehicles fueled by hydrogen offer the potential for a significant increase in vehicle efficiency, reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants to near zero and the possibility of using diverse primary energy sources for fuel production. Fuel cell vehicles might also enable new energy services, such as mobile electricity and the ability to plug in the electrical grid, and innovative automotive designs built around electric drive trains [3].There are also many challenges to overcome before hydrogen can be widely used for energy applications. Hydrogen production, storage and distribution are mature technologies that efficiently delivery large quantities of hydrogen to chemical users. However, many existing hydrogen technologies need further development, in order to reduce costs and improve performance, before they can be commercialized for consumer energy markets.Fuel cells for light duty vehicles are still an order of magnitude more costly than internal combustion engines, and durability needs to be increased by roughly a factor of three [4].To fully realize hydrogen's environmental benefits, low carbon emitting, low polluting, low cost hydrogen production systems are needed. Hydrogen is produced at large scale today for industrial applications such as oil refining and ammonia production (about 2% of world primary energy is used to produce industrial hydrogen). Hydrogen production via reforming or gasification of fossil fuels and water electrolysis are well-established commercial technologies. However, further work is needed on renewable hydrogen production methods such as biomass gasification, wind electrolysis and technologies for carbon capture and sequestration.Hydrogen storage onboard vehicles has been identified as a key challenge. Hydrogen energy storage density has been steadily increasing, but the range of today's experimental hydrogen cars (about 150-300 miles) is still substantially lower than cars using liquid fuels such as gasoline and diesel. New storage materials might also reduce energy requirements and emissions in the fuel chain.

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confidence: 99%

Implementing a Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure:Storage Options and System Design

Ogden

Yang

2005

MRS Proc.

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“…straws, stovers, and woody biomass). Most estimates report gasification conversion efficiency between 51% and 65% (Hamelinck and Faaij, 2002;Katofsky, 1993;Larson et al, 2005;Lau et al, 2003;Simbeck and Chang, 2002;Spath et al, 2003Spath et al, , 2005. To be conservative we assume 55% conversion efficiency.…”

Section: Potential Hydrogen Production From Waste Biomass Supply In Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomass gasification is the most likely near-term method to produce hydrogen from biomass (Hamelinck and Faaij, 2002;NRC, 2004;Simbeck and Chang, 2002). Gasification is a thermochemical process where the organic compounds of biomass are broken down at high temperature in an oxygen-starved environment.…”

Section: Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of biomass in California's hydrogen economy

2008

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a b s t r a c tThis paper presents the results of a model of hydrogen production from waste biomass in California. We develop a profit-maximizing model of a biomass hydrogen industry from field to vehicle tank. This model is used to estimate the economic potential for hydrogen production from two waste biomass resources in Northern California-wheat straw and rice straw-taking into account the on the ground geographic dimensions of both biomass supply and hydrogen demand. The systems analysis approach allows for explicit consideration of the interactions between feedstock collection, hydrogen production, and hydrogen distribution in finding the optimal system design. This case study approach provides insight into both the real-world potential and the real-world cost of producing hydrogen from waste biomass. Additional context is provided through the estimation of California's total waste biomass hydrogen potential. We find that enough biomass is available from waste sources to provide up to 40% of the current California passenger car fuel demand as hydrogen. Optimized supply chains result in delivered hydrogen costing between $3/kg and $5.50/kg with one-tenth of the well-to-wheels greenhouse gas emissions of conventional gasoline-fueled vehicles.

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“…The cost of hydrogen production from water electrolysis has been estimated to range from $5.1 to $6.2/kg, depending on the conditions for delivery (such as the pressure of hydrogen produced) [Simbeck and Chang, 2002]. This study presumed a 75% efficient electrolyzer and $0.06-0.09/kWh of electricity.…”

Section: Lte Cost Breakdownmentioning

confidence: 99%

Configuration and technology implications of potential nuclear hydrogen system applications.

Conzelmann¹,

Petri²,

Forsberg³

et al. 2005

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SummaryIntroduction -Nuclear-Generated Hydrogen Nuclear technologies have important distinctions and potential advantages for large-scale generation of hydrogen for U.S. energy services. Nuclear hydrogen requires no imported fossil fuels, results in lower greenhouse-gas emissions and other pollutants, lends itself to large-scale production, and is sustainable. The technical uncertainties in nuclear hydrogen processes and the reactor technologies needed to enable these processes, as well waste, proliferation, and economic issues must be successfully addressed before nuclear energy can be a major contributor to the nation's energy future. In order to address technical issues in the time frame needed to provide optimized hydrogen production choices, the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative (NHI) must examine a wide range of new technologies, make the best use of research funding, and make early decisions on which technology options to pursue. For these reasons, it is important that system integration studies be performed to help guide the decisions made in the NHI.In framing the scope of system integration analyses, there is a hierarchy of questions that should be addressed:• What hydrogen markets will exist and what are their characteristics?• Which markets are most consistent with nuclear hydrogen ?• What nuclear power and production process configurations are optimal?• What requirements are placed on the nuclear hydrogen system? Study ObjectivesThe intent of the NHI system studies is to gain a better understanding of nuclear power's potential role in a hydrogen economy and what hydrogen production technologies show the most promise. This work couples with system studies sponsored by DOE-EE and other agencies that provide a basis for evaluating and selecting future hydrogen production technologies. This assessment includes identifying commercial hydrogen applications and their requirements, comparing the characteristics of nuclear hydrogen systems to those market requirements, evaluating nuclear hydrogen configuration options within a given market, and identifying the key drivers and thresholds for market viability of nuclear hydrogen options. Nuclear Energy for Hydrogen ProductionDifferent methods for hydrogen production have different characteristics. For nuclear-generated hydrogen those characteristics include (1) economics that favor large-scale centralized production of hydrogen, (2) the co-production of oxygen as a byproduct, and (3) the availability Configuration and Technology Implications of Page ii Potential Nuclear Hydrogen System Applications Summary July 31, 2005 of low-cost heat. Hydrogen production technologies that use renewable energy generally involve smaller scale and dispersed production facilities.Each existing and potential market for hydrogen also has distinct characteristics that will favor particular methods of hydrogen production-even if each technology produces hydrogen at similar production costs. The size, location, and hydrogen product requirements will determine whether a production method w...

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Hydrogen Supply: Cost Estimate for Hydrogen Pathways--Scoping Analysis, January 22, 2002--July 22, 2002

Cited by 131 publications

References 6 publications

Implementing a Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure:Storage Options and System Design

Implementing a Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure:Storage Options and System Design

The role of biomass in California's hydrogen economy

Configuration and technology implications of potential nuclear hydrogen system applications.

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