Hydrogen treated anatase TiO<sub>2</sub>: a new experimental approach and further insights from theory

Mehta, Manan; Kodan, Nisha; Kumar, Sandeeep; Kaushal, Akshey; Mayrhofer, Leonhard; Walter, Michael; Moseler, Michael; Dey, Avishek; Krishnamurthy, S.; Basu, Suddhasatwa; Singh, Aadesh P.

doi:10.1039/c5ta07133j

Cited by 121 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Hence the formation of Ti 3+ is further confirmed by EPR measurements as displayed in Figure . Sharp EPR signal at g=1.95 supports the existence of Ti 3+ state in TiO 2 lattice …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Nb‐Dopant‐Induced Tuning of Optical and Electrical Property of Anatase TiO₂ Nanocrystals

et al. 2018

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For increasing demand of electrochromic smart window, flat panel display synthesis of high quality aliovalent doped wide bandgap semiconductor nanocrystals are gaining interest. In our manuscript we synthesized pure and Nb 5 + doped anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals by colloidal process. On increasing doping percentage size of TiO 2 nanoparticle was found to be decreased. Although pure TiO 2 nanocrystals are terminated with thermodynamically stable {101} facets but Nb 5 + doped TiO 2 was found to be terminated with high energy {103} facet by lowering the surface energy. Successful doping in anatase TiO 2 has been characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) analysis. Aliovalent dopant Nb 5 + generated free carriers in conduction band of TiO 2 . These free electrons results distinct plasmon absorption peak which appeared at wavelength of 1900 nm to 2700 nm. Plasmon peak found to be blue shifted with increase of dopant amount. Broad emission bands correspond to distinct transitions related to intermediate energy levels induced by oxygen vacancy. High colloidaly stable nanocrystals was deposited as crack free transparent conducting oxide thin film where we obtained very low sheet resistance with high optical transparency that leads to good figure of merit of thin film. Temperature driven metalinsulator transition for the lowest resistance film is explained by electron localization origination from random substitution of Nb into TiO 2 nanocrystals.

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“…Hence the formation of Ti 3+ is further confirmed by EPR measurements as displayed in Figure . Sharp EPR signal at g=1.95 supports the existence of Ti 3+ state in TiO 2 lattice …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Nb‐Dopant‐Induced Tuning of Optical and Electrical Property of Anatase TiO₂ Nanocrystals

et al. 2018

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“…Compared with the spectrum of GO (C 1s), the shoulder peak intensities at high binding energy of G@BTN nanosheets were weakened, indicating the efficient deoxygenation and reduction of the sample surface after hydrogen treatment, which is consistent with the literature . As shown in Figure B, the XPS (Ti 2p) spectra of G@BTN nanosheets exhibit two small peaks located at 457.9 and 463.5 eV, which are consistent with the characteristic of Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 peaks for Ti 3+ , these peaks transferred to lower binding energy compared to Ti 4+ , indicating a different bonding environment and the presence of Ti 3+ in black TiO 2 nanothorns …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Strategy to Fabricate Uniform Black TiO₂ Nanothorns/Graphene/Black TiO₂ Nanothorns Sandwichlike Nanosheets for Excellent Solar‐Driven Photocatalytic Performance

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2016

ChemCatChem

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Uniform black TiO2 nanothorns/graphene/black TiO2 nanothorns sandwichlike nanosheets (denoted as G@BTN) are fabricated through facile solvothermal approach and subsequent surface hydrogenation, in which the black TiO2 nanothorns vertically grow on the surface of two sides of graphene and form the sandwichlike structure. The rational control of hydrolysis and condensation of Ti precursors results in a uniform coating of amorphous TiO2 seeds, which then vertically grow in TiO2 nanothorns. After surface hydrogenation, the resultant G@BTN materials, with uniform sandwichlike configuration and narrow band gap of approximately 2.81 eV, can extend the photoresponse from the ultraviolet to the visible‐light region and exhibit an excellent solar‐driven photocatalytic performance for the degradation of the highly toxic pesticide atrazine (99 %). The first‐order rate constant (k) of G@BTN (0.863 h−1) is about three times as high as that of black TiO2 nanothorns (0.287 h−1), which implies the significant role of the introduction of graphene for improving the photocatalytic performance. The high solar‐driven photocatalytic performance is ascribed to the formed Ti3+ in frameworks and surface disorders enhancing the absorption of solar light, and the sandwichlike structure favoring the separation and transportation of photogenerated charge carriers.

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“…Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurement was exploited to further confirm the presence of Ti 3+ cations in 3S‐TiO 2− x . As shown in Figure f, the 3S‐TiO 2 exhibits a very weak resonance signal at a g‐value of 2.08 which only index to Ti 4+ cation, while the 3S‐TiO 2− x shows a broad peak at a g‐value of 1.95 corresponding to Ti 3+ cation . The Ti 3+ cations are attributed to the formation of oxygen vacancies which occur during heat reduction process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structural TiO_2−x with Multiple Spatial Confinement for Long‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

et al. 2019

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TiO2−x with well‐controlled hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMSs) were designed and synthesized, via a sequential templating approach (STA), to act as sulfur carrier materials. They were explored as physico‐chemical encapsulation materials. Particularly, the sulfur cathode based on triple‐shelled TiO2−x HoMSs delivered a specific capacity of 903 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 79 % at 0.5 C and a Coulombic efficiency of 97.5 % over 1000 cycles. The outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to better spatial confinement and integrated conductivity of the intact triple‐shell that combine the features of physico‐chemical adsorption, short charge transfer path along with mechanical strength.

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Hydrogen treated anatase TiO₂: a new experimental approach and further insights from theory

Abstract: Vacuum hydrogen annealing of TiO2 leads to increased visible light absorption. The origin thereof was revealed by ab initio calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Cited by 121 publications

References 46 publications

Nb‐Dopant‐Induced Tuning of Optical and Electrical Property of Anatase TiO₂ Nanocrystals

Nb‐Dopant‐Induced Tuning of Optical and Electrical Property of Anatase TiO₂ Nanocrystals

Facile Strategy to Fabricate Uniform Black TiO₂ Nanothorns/Graphene/Black TiO₂ Nanothorns Sandwichlike Nanosheets for Excellent Solar‐Driven Photocatalytic Performance

Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structural TiO_2−x with Multiple Spatial Confinement for Long‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

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Hydrogen treated anatase TiO2: a new experimental approach and further insights from theory

Abstract: Vacuum hydrogen annealing of TiO2 leads to increased visible light absorption. The origin thereof was revealed by ab initio calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Cited by 121 publications

References 46 publications

Nb‐Dopant‐Induced Tuning of Optical and Electrical Property of Anatase TiO2 Nanocrystals

Nb‐Dopant‐Induced Tuning of Optical and Electrical Property of Anatase TiO2 Nanocrystals

Facile Strategy to Fabricate Uniform Black TiO2 Nanothorns/Graphene/Black TiO2 Nanothorns Sandwichlike Nanosheets for Excellent Solar‐Driven Photocatalytic Performance

Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structural TiO2−x with Multiple Spatial Confinement for Long‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

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Hydrogen treated anatase TiO₂: a new experimental approach and further insights from theory

Nb‐Dopant‐Induced Tuning of Optical and Electrical Property of Anatase TiO₂ Nanocrystals

Nb‐Dopant‐Induced Tuning of Optical and Electrical Property of Anatase TiO₂ Nanocrystals

Facile Strategy to Fabricate Uniform Black TiO₂ Nanothorns/Graphene/Black TiO₂ Nanothorns Sandwichlike Nanosheets for Excellent Solar‐Driven Photocatalytic Performance

Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structural TiO_2−x with Multiple Spatial Confinement for Long‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Batteries