Hydrogenation of Fischer−Tropsch Synthetic Crude

Abstract

Fischer−Tropsch Synthetic Crude is high in olefinicity and needs further hydroprocessing to conform to fuel specifications such as oxidation stability. Different catalysts, that is, sulfided NiMo/Al2O3, CoMo/Al2O3, and unsulfided Ni/Al2O3, have been used, and a kinetic model has been derived for the hydrogenation of Fischer−Tropsch Synthetic Crude. The kinetic model allows for predicting process conditions necessary to meet mandatory fuel specifications and market requirements as well as to compare the catalytic activity of these different hydrogenation catalysts on the basis of the kinetic parameters.

Catalysis in the Upgrading of Fischer–Tropsch Syncrude

“…538 In this study, both HDO and HYD were important. The properties of the catalysts that were evaluated are shown in Table 5.29.…”

“…Its two main applications are the HYD of the products from OLI and HYD of straight run syncrude (in conjunction with partial HDO) to produce transportation fuels. 532,538,541,542 Without HYD, specifications such as bromine number, acid number and oxidation stability of the final fuel products cannot not be met. 6.…”

“…538 The operating temperature given is a bed average and under commercial operation the adiabatic temperature rise during distillate hydrotreating is 30 1C. The performance of the catalysts listed in Table 5.29 with the 60:40 blend of HTFT SLO with LTFT Arge distillate is given in Table 5.30.…”

“…The performance of the catalysts listed in Table 5.29 with the 60:40 blend of HTFT SLO with LTFT Arge distillate is given in Table 5.30. 538 The aim was to produce a diesel fuel and the desired product specifications were an alkene content of less than 7 g Br per 100 g, an acid content of less than 0.25 mg KOH g À1 and an oxidation stability of better than 2 mg l À1 .…”

Methods and Applications of Deoxygenation for the Conversion of Biomass to Petrochemical Products

“…Fisher-Tropsch process is considered to be quite energy intensive and therefore, is not yet believed to be economical to compete with petroleum fuels. Nevertheless, active research is still in progress to improve the process [11,12]. Fermentation of synthesis gas to alcohols (primarily ethanol) using microorganisms is also an active area of research [13].…”