Hydrogenation of Shale Oil

Smith, W. M.; Landrum, T. C.; Phillips, G. E.

doi:10.1021/ie50507a043

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Properties are characteristic of typical surface-retorted Colorado shale oils (5,7,11,12,13). Table II gives properties of fractions of the shale oil from a small-scale batch distillation.…”

Section: Pretreatment Of Raw Shale Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as produced from a retort, shale oil is too high in nitrogen, sulfur, and arsenic content to allow direct utilization as a fuel in most current applications. The goals of many research groups over the years have been to reduce the amounts of these contaminants and crack the shale oil into lighter products (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Many of the earlier reports have concentrated on the hydroprocessing of either the raw shale oil, distillate fractions from the raw shale oil, or coker distillates from shale oil and have not tied together the various process units that would be needed in a complete refinery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Shale Oil to Produce Distillate Fuels

Sullivan

Stangeland

1979

Advances in Chemistry

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Paraho shale oil is too high in nitrogen (2.2%) and other contaminants to be used directly as a fuel in most current applications. The key to successful shale oil refining is a hydrotreating process to remove these contaminants. In this study, nitrogen was reduced to concentrations as low as 1 ppm in the hydrotreated whole oil in a single catalytic stage using a catalyst containing nickel, tungsten, silica, and alumina. However, it is economically preferable to hydrotreat at less severe conditions to convert the shale oil to a premium synthetic crude containing about 500 ppm of nitrogen. This synthetic crude resembles a typical hydrorefined petroleum gas oil and is suitable for downstream processing to specification transportation fuels in conventional modern refineries.fois chapter presents results of a Chevron Research Company study sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to demonstrate the feasibility of converting whole shale oil to a synthetic crude resembling a typical petroleum distillate. The synthetic crude thus produced then can be processed, in conventional petroleum-refining facilities, to transportation fuels such as high-octane gasoline and diesel and jet fuels. The raw shale oil feed used in this study is a typical Colorado shale oil produced in a surface retort in the so-called indirectly heated mode.Crude shale oil is an important potential source of transportation fuels when properly refined. However, although it is low in sulfur compared with mid-East crudes, it is much higher in nitrogen than typical petroleum crudes. The shale oil used in this study contains 2.2 wt % nitrogen; typical petroleum crudes contain less than 0.3% nitrogen. 0-8412-0456-X/79/33-179-025$06.75/l

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Section: Pretreatment Of Raw Shale Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Shale Oil to Produce Distillate Fuels

Sullivan

Stangeland

1979

Advances in Chemistry

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“…A small extract of benzin 3%, up to 110°C. may be explained by the fact that the loss of low boiling fractions during our distillation of small amounts of the sample was comparatively high (17,23).…”

Section: Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Survey of Egyptian Carbonaceous Shales.

Mustafa¹,

Ghaly²

1964

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…Shale oil has long been touted as a substitute for conventional petroleum [1]. It is a liquid fuel produced from solid oil shale via a process called pyrolysis [2,3], and it has been estimated that at least 4.7 trillion barrels of oil could be produced from known deposits [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desulfurization, denitrogenation and deoxygenation of shale oil

Baird¹,

Oja²,

Rang³

2021

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Producing valuable transportation fuels from shale oil has long been a goal among the industries concerned, but to meet modern environmental regulations a significant upgrading is required involving removing heteroatoms from it. The quantity of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen in shale oil is one of the major obstacles to its wider use. Unlike petroleum whose upgrading consists mainly in desulfurization, for shale oils denitrification and deoxygenation are also important. This review compiles and summarizes the extensive research that has been performed on removing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen from shale oil. By far the most widely investigated method has been hydrotreatment, but the results of work done with other methods are also presented.

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Hydrogenation of Shale Oil

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Shale Oil to Produce Distillate Fuels

Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Shale Oil to Produce Distillate Fuels

General Survey of Egyptian Carbonaceous Shales.

Desulfurization, denitrogenation and deoxygenation of shale oil

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