Hydrogenolytic degradation of thermosets

Braun, Dietrich; Gentzkow, Wolfgang von; Rudolf, Andrea

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(01)00035-0

Cited by 76 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The extensive use of epoxy resin in metal coatings, paints, printed circuit boards, glass fiber or carbon fiber reinforced plastic materials, and structural adhesives has produced an environmental and economic awareness for the need to recycle these materials in a suitable process [69] . Chemical depolymerization of epoxy resin is challenged by its cross-linked network structure, infusibility and insolubility in any solvents [10] . Epoxy resin is usually formed by the cross-linking reaction of various polyepoxides [11] with hardeners such as acid anhydrides and polyfunctional amines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen donors such as tetralin, decalin, 9,10-dihydroanthracene and cyclohexanol were successfully applied to degrade various thermosets including anhydride-cured epoxy resin, phenolic resins, melamine resins and unsaturated polyester [10,17] . In addition, hydrogenolysis of phenolic ether linkages led to lignin depolymerization in supercritical methanol after hydrogen was produced from the catalytic methanol reforming [1820] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical degradation of amine-cured DGEBA epoxy resin in supercritical 1-propanol for recycling carbon fiber from composites

et al. 2014

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Chemical degradation of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin cured with an aliphatic amine in supercritical 1-propanol was investigated under different reaction temperature and time. The combination of GC-MS and LC-MS proved that the epoxy resin was decomposed to five main products including phenol, 4-isopropylphenol, 4-isopropenylphenol, bisphenol A, and 4,4'-(cyclopropane-1,1-diyl)diphenol. The 13 C-NMR results verified the chemical structures of the degradation products. The change of the products′ yield with time was evaluated by an effective means of HPLC. In addition, the GPC analysis confirmed the formation of soluble low molecular weight clusters during the degradation reaction. A possible free-radical reaction mechanism was proposed for chemical depolymerization of the epoxy resin in supercritical 1-propanol. After the homolytic cleavage of the aromatic ether linkages, the resulting bisphenol A biradical either produced 4,4'-(cyclopropane-1,1-diyl)diphenol after intramolecular rearrangement or generated bisphenol A after capturing hydrogen from 1-propanol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical degradation of amine-cured DGEBA epoxy resin in supercritical 1-propanol for recycling carbon fiber from composites

et al. 2014

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“…Novolac phenol resin and resol phenol resin were only partially liquefied in decahydronaphthalene, which indicates that hydrogen donation from solvents is very important for liquefaction of thermosetting resins. In the thermal decomposition of epoxy resin in tetrahydronaphthalene, the maximum yield of bisphenol A was observed at 350 , and yields of phenol and isopropyl phenol derived from further decomposition of bisphenol A have been reported to increase at higher temperatures 7) . Epoxy circuit boards were liquefied in tetrahydronaphthalene at temperatures higher than 380 .…”

Section: Liquefaction Of Electronic Circuit Boards Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Resources from End-of-life Industrial Products by Using Liquefaction or Gasification

Kamo

2017

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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“…Chemical recycling methods available to date are pyrolysis, gasification, depolymerization process by using supercritical fluids and hydrogenolytic degradation [13]. Pyrolysis can be considered as an alternative method of recycling waste PCBs because during the pyrolysis, the organic materials are decomposed into low molecular weight products in liquid and gases phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Pyrolysis and a Pyrolysis Kinetic Study of Shredded Printed Circuit Board for Fuel Recovery

Salmiaton

Hizam

2014

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Scrap printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the most abundant wastes that can be found in the landfills in Malaysia and this disposal certainly poses serious detrimental to the environment. This research aims to investigate optimum temperature for pyrolyzing waste PCBs, find out the best catalyst to be used in accelerating PCBs' pyrolysis, select suitable ratio of catalyst to PCBs for higher oil yield and examine kinetics pyrolysis of the waste PCBs' decomposition. Operating temperatures ranged from 200 to 350 ˚C of PCB's pyrolysis were conducted with the optimum temperature obtained was 275 ˚C. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst, zeolite socony mobil-5 (ZSM-5), H-Y-type zeolite and dolomite were used to accelerate PCB's pyrolysis at 275 ˚C and FCC was identified as the best catalyst to be used. Different ratios of FCC to waste PCBs such as 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 were applied in the pyrolysis at 275 ˚C and ratio of 10:90 was selected as the suitable ratio to be utilized for maximum yield. The kinetic study was done through thermogravimetric analysis on waste PCBs under various heating rates and different particle sizes. The GC-MS analysis revealed that compounds detected in the pyrooil have the potential to be used as fuel.

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Hydrogenolytic degradation of thermosets

Cited by 76 publications

References 4 publications

Chemical degradation of amine-cured DGEBA epoxy resin in supercritical 1-propanol for recycling carbon fiber from composites

Chemical degradation of amine-cured DGEBA epoxy resin in supercritical 1-propanol for recycling carbon fiber from composites

Recovery of Resources from End-of-life Industrial Products by Using Liquefaction or Gasification

Catalytic Pyrolysis and a Pyrolysis Kinetic Study of Shredded Printed Circuit Board for Fuel Recovery

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