Hydrogeological framework of the Deccan basalt groundwater systems, west-central India

Kulkarni, Himanshu; Deolankar, S. B.; Lalwani, Anil; Joseph, Bijoy; Pawar, Sachin N.

doi:10.1007/s100400000079

Cited by 78 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Areas underlain by extensive basalt formations, therefore, can be used for drinking-water supply. Examples of such basalt formations are the Deccan Trap Aquifer in Peninsular India (Das and Ars 1971;Kulkarni et al 2000), the Columbia River Basalt Group in USA (Miller 1999), and the Golan Heights (Dafny et al 2006) and Azraq Basin in the Middle East (El-Naqa et al 2007). When such aquifers suffer depleting groundwater levels, it means that pumping rates exceed recharge rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater recharge in Pleistocene sediments overlying basalt aquifers in the Palouse Basin, USA: modeling of distributed recharge potential and identification of water pathways

2011

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Groundwater levels in basalt aquifers around the world have been declining for many years. Understanding water pathways is needed for solutions like artificial drainage. Water supply in the Palouse Basin, Washington and Idaho, USA, primarily relies on basalt aquifers. This study presents a combination of modeling and field observations to understand the spatial distribution of recharge pathways in the overlying Pleistocene sediments. A spatially distributed model was used to quantify potential recharge rates. The model shows clearly that recharge predominantly occurs through non-argilic soils and soils that are not underlain by fine-grained sediments, i.e. the upper area of the watershed. A field survey was conducted to determine recharge pathways from this area. It revealed 83 perennial springs. Drillings near springs showed connection of coarse-grained layers within the fine-grained Sediments of Bovill to these springs. Such layers, with streambed-like features, act as paleo-channels. Water from one of these coarse-grained layers had a similar electrical conductivity (200 μS cm -1 ) to water from a downstream perennial spring, also suggesting the existence of a lateral conduit for deep percolation water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater recharge in Pleistocene sediments overlying basalt aquifers in the Palouse Basin, USA: modeling of distributed recharge potential and identification of water pathways

2011

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“…The basalts possess little or no primary porosity; the groundwater resource potential is controlled by the degree of weathering, geomorphological and geological features, such as the size and distribution of vesicles, and the frequency and interconnection of joints and fractures (Kulkarni et al, 2000). The aggregate porosity for fractured-jointed basalt ranges up to 15 % (Deolankar, 1980).…”

Section: Hydrogeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural groundwater management in the Upper Bhima Basin, India: current status and future scenarios

Surinaidu¹,

Bacon

Pavelic³

2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The basaltic aquifers of the Upper Bhima River basin in southern India are heavily utilized for small-scale agriculture but face increasing demand-related pressures along with uncertainty associated with climate change impacts. To evaluate likely groundwater resource impacts over the coming decades, a regional groundwater flow model for the basin was developed. Model predictions associated with different climate change and abstraction scenarios indicate that the continuation of current rates of abstraction would lead to significant groundwater overdraft, with groundwater elevations predicted to fall by −6 m over the next three decades. Groundwater elevations can however be stabilized, but would require 20-30 % of the mean surface water discharge from the basin to be recharged to groundwater, along with reductions in pumping (5-10 %) brought about by improved water efficiency practices and/or shifts towards lowerwater use crops. Modest reductions in pumping alone cannot stabilize groundwater levels; targeted conjunctive use and improved water use efficiency are also needed.

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“…Currently, groundwater is estimated to be used to irrigate less than 2 million ha (Giordano, 2005), contributing to the livelihoods of only 1.5-3% of the rural population. A comparison with the widespread use of groundwater for irrigation in Asia indicates room for growth (Foster et al, 2008), although the groundwater boom experienced in parts of South-East Asia was only made possible through access to cheap energy, credit and market integration, catalysing private investment in productive aquifers, such as the deep sedimentary aquifer in Gujarat and the extensive moderately productive basaltic aquifers of the Deccan (Kulkarni et al, 2000). Comparisons between Africa and Asia should therefore be treated with caution.…”

Section: Increased Demand For Groundwater For Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

What impact will climate change have on rural groundwater supplies in Africa?

MacDonald

Calow

Macdonald

et al. 2009

Hydrological Sciences Journal

127

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One of the key uncertainties surrounding the impacts of climate change in Africa is the effect on the sustainability of rural water supplies. Many of these water supplies abstract from shallow groundwater (<50 m) and are the sole source of safe drinking water for rural populations. Analysis of existing rainfall and recharge studies suggests that climate change is unlikely to lead to widespread catastrophic failure of improved rural groundwater supplies. These require only 10 mm of recharge annually per year to support a hand pump, which should still be achievable for much of the continent, although up to 90 million people may be affected in marginal groundwater recharge areas (200-500 mm annual rainfall). Lessons learnt from groundwater source behaviour during recent droughts, substantiated by groundwater modelling, indicate that increased demand on dispersed water points, as shallow unimproved sources progressively fail, poses a much greater risk of individual source failure than regional resource depletion. Low yielding sources in poor aquifers are most at risk. Predicted increased rainfall intensity may also increase the risk of contamination of very shallow groundwater. Looking to the future, an increase in major groundwater-based irrigation systems, as food prices rise and surface water becomes more unreliable, may threaten long-term sustainability as competition for groundwater increases. To help prepare for increased climate variability, it is essential to understand the balance between water availability, access to water, and use/demand. In practice, this means increasing access to secure domestic water, understanding and mapping renewable and non-renewable groundwater resources, promoting small-scale irrigation and widening the scope of early warning systems and mapping to include access to water.Key words groundwater; climate; Africa; water supply; drought; agriculture Quel impact aura le changement climatique sur les approvisionnements ruraux en eaux souterraines en Afrique? Résumé Une des incertitudes principales concernant les impacts du changement climatique en Afrique est l'effet sur la durabilité des approvisionnements ruraux en eau. Nombre de ces approvisionnements prélèvent dans des nappes souterraines peu épaisses (<50m) et sont l'unique source sûre d'eau potable pour les populations rurales. Les analyses des études existantes de précipitations et de recharge suggèrent que le changement climatique est peu susceptible de conduire à une défaillance catastrophique généralisée des ressources rurales améliorées en eaux souterraines. Ces dernières ne nécessitent que 10 mm de recharge par an pour satisfaire une pompe manuelle, ce qui devrait être réalisable pour une grande partie du continent, bien que 90 millions de personnes puissent être affectés dans des zones marginales de recharge en eaux souterraines (200-500 mm de pluviosité annuelle). Les leçons apprises sur les comportements des ressources souterraines au cours des sécheresses récentes, renforcées par des modélisations hydrogéologi...

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Hydrogeological framework of the Deccan basalt groundwater systems, west-central India

Cited by 78 publications

References 4 publications

Groundwater recharge in Pleistocene sediments overlying basalt aquifers in the Palouse Basin, USA: modeling of distributed recharge potential and identification of water pathways

Groundwater recharge in Pleistocene sediments overlying basalt aquifers in the Palouse Basin, USA: modeling of distributed recharge potential and identification of water pathways

Agricultural groundwater management in the Upper Bhima Basin, India: current status and future scenarios

What impact will climate change have on rural groundwater supplies in Africa?

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